This paper presents two avalanche forecasting applications NXD2000 and NXD-REG which were developed at the Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF). Even both are based on the nearest neighbour method they are targeted to different scales. NXD2000 is used to forecast avalanches on a local scale. It is operated by avalanche forecasters responsible for snow safety at snow spo...

The fatality risk caused by avalanches on road networks can be analysed using a long-term approach, resulting in a mean value of risk, and with emphasis on shortterm fluctuations due to the temporal variability of both, the hazard potential and the damage potential. In this study, the approach for analysing the long-term fatality risk has been adapted by modelling the highly variable short-term...

Although the accumulation of lipid rafts at the immunological synapse is now well accepted, the degree of the accumulation, the localization within the fine structure of the immunological synapse, and the region from which lipid rafts are recruited have not been defined. In this work we show that lipid rafts preferentially accumulate in the central zone of the immunological synapse, the central...

Gothic Art and Architecture, religious and secular buildings, sculpture, stained glass, and illuminated manuscripts and other decorative arts produced in Europe during the latter part of the Middle Ages (5th century to 15th century). Gothic art began to be produced in France about 1140, spreading to the rest of Europe during the following century. The Gothic Age ended with the advent of the Ren...

We studied avalanches of cohesionless granular materials down a rough inclined plane and overflowing a wall normal to the incoming flow and to the bottom. This paper focuses on the transient time-varying mean force exerted by the granular stream on the obstacle at various slope inclinations. A nearly triangular dead zone is formed upstream of the obstacle. It largely contributes to the overall ...

Observations of strain accumulation along plate margins in Japan, New Zealand, and the United States indicate that: 1) a typical maximum rate of secular strain accumulation is on the order of 0.3 ppm/a, 2) a substantial part of the strain accumulation process can be attributed to slip at depth on the major plate boundary faults, and 3) some plastic deformation in a zone 100 km or more in width ...

according to the increased probability of the presence of nanomaterials in the aquatic ecosystems, the present study examined the toxicity of three engineered silver nanoparticles (agnps) as well as silver ions in the pontogammarus maeoticus, a brackish water benthic organism living in the littoral zone of the caspian sea. the animals were acutely exposed to different concentrations of two comm...