The mutual experience of European architecture during the transmission phase of Romanesque (around 11th and 12th centuries) to Gothic style simultaneous with Mongol invasions and political revolution from Seljuk empire to Ilkhanids have been assumed as a turning point through Iranian and European architecture. Thus, clarifying its mutual properties is one of the controversial discussion topics ...

Khiva has such a resemblance with Iranian art, culture, and civilization and it will not be irrelevant to consider it as a gemstone in the field of culture and civilization of Iran in Transoxiana. This city is located in the Khwarezm. Reviews tell of earlier historical and cultural links of Khwarezm with Iran. Khwarezm name has come in the Achaemenid inscriptions.Khiva is a city with a plethora...

the normal and lateral line cycloid scales of a cyprinid fish; alburnoides bipunctatus (blotch, 1782) have been subjected to sem to study their detailed structure. it shows the general architectural pattern of a cycloid cyprinid scale. the focus of the scale is clear and sharp located in the anterior field. circuli are observed in all fields. primary radii which originate from very near the foc...

Background: Observing ethical principles and paying attention to human status based on Islamic teachings had a profound impact on the lifestyle and architecture of traditional Iranian buildings. Therefore, the meaningful relationship between architecture and ethics always provides for the spiritual needs of man, so as to achieve equilibrium in the architectural space. Accordingly, Islamic teach...