OBJECTIVE To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of general practitioners regarding tetanus immunization in adults. SETTING The study was conducted in District Central, Karachi. STUDY DESIGN This was a Knowledge, Attitude and practices (KAP) survey. METHODS From a list of 1050 general practitioners (GPs), 100 were selected through simple random sampling and interviewed through a ...

Introduction: Neonatal tetanus is a highly fatal disease that can be prevented by immunization and improvement in obstetric practices. The aim of the present study was to assess the characteristics of cases of neonatal tetanus in two large tertiary hospitals (Ghaem and Imam Reza hospitals) of Mashhad -North East of Iran between 1984- 2001. Methods: all cases whose epidemiological and clinical c...

Imunisasi Tetanus Toxoid (TT) merupakan program pemerintah untuk menurunkan angka penyakit tetanus. Khususnya calon pengantin (Catin) wanita agar terhindar dari kemungkinan terkena tetanus yang menyerang ibu dan bayi akibat persalinan dengan alat tidak steril. Strategi pelaksanaan imunisasi TT salah satu upaya Safe motherhood. Isu ini masih ditemukan pada bagian sosial Sustainable Development (...

Recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (rCTB) which is produced by Bacillus brevis carrying pNU212-CTB acts as a mucosal adjuvant capable of enhancing host immune responses specific to unrelated, mucosally co-administered vaccine antigens. When mice were administered intranasally with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) combination vaccine consisting of diphtheria toxoid (DTd), tetanus toxoid (TTd)...

It has been well established that immunity to tetanus in man follows a series of injections with plain or alum-precipitated toxoid. 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 15, 16, 28 Because this method has been in use but for a comparatively short time, the duration of immunity and the response to a single "booster" injection four or more years after the initial series appear to merit further study. This paper review...

in induction of systemic and mucosal immunity, particulate antigens are more effective than soluble antigens possibly because they are more efficiently endocytosed by mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (malt) m cells. in this study, we determined the systemic and mucosal immune responses in rabbits following intranasal immunization of tetanus toxoid tt and cpg-odn encapsulated within plga nanos...

background: adjuvants are used to increase the immunogenicity of new generation vaccines, especially those based on recombinant proteins. despite immunostimulatory properties, the use of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) as an adjuvant has been hampered due to its toxicity and pyrogenicity. brucella abortus lps is less toxic and has no pyrogenic properties compared to lps from other gram negat...

Tetanus can be only prevented by vaccination because immunity against this disease is rarely acquired, even by natural infections. To maintain long-term protective immunity against tetanus, booster immunization is essential for adolescents and adults. Most hospitalized cases and virtually all deaths occur in people over 60 years of age. The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of...