This paper investigates the potential problem of ‘pseudo-exogenous’ instruments in regression models. We show that the performance of Hausman test is deteriorated when the instruments are asymptotically exogenous but endogenous in finite samples, through Monte Carlo simulations.

This article examines the role of student demographic characteristics in standardized achievement test scores at both the individual level and aggregated at the state, district, school levels. For several data sets, the majority of the variance among states, districts, and schools was related to demographic characteristics. Where these background variables outside of the control of schools sign...

reducing test suite size without compromising the suite’s effectiveness in performing regression testing. This article presents a hybrid technique using the variable-based method that combines both selection and prioritization. It considers source code changes and coverage information with respect to each test case. Variables are the vital source of changes in the program, and this method captu...

Little is known about the effect of specimen preparation and testing protocols on the micro-shear bond strength (μSBS) results. To evaluate whether variations in polyethylene rod use affect (μSBS)). Human dentin disks were randomly distributed into six groups (n = 5): polyethylene tube (3 levels) and adhesive system (2 levels). In Group 1, polyethylene tubes filled with polymerized composite) w...

The paper consists of two parts. The rst one is a concise introduction to epistemic (both propositional and predicate) logic with common knowl-ege operator. As the full common knowledge predicate logics are not even recursively enumerable, in the second part we introduce and investigate the monodic fragment of these logics which allows applications of the epistemic operators to formulas with at...

Let z = (z1, z2, · · · , zn) be noncommutative free variables and t a formal parameter which commutes with z. Let k be a unital commutative ring of any characteristic and Ft(z) = z−Ht(z) with Ht(z) ∈ k[[t]]〈〈z〉〉 ×n and o(Ht(z)) ≥ 2. Note that Ft(z) can be viewed as a deformation of the formal map F (z) := z−Ht=1(z) when it makes sense. The inverse map Gt(z) of Ft(z) can always be written as Gt(...

In this paper we prove decidability of two kinds of branching time temporal logics. First we show that the non-local version of propositional , in which truth values of atoms may depend on the branch of evaluation, is decidable. Then we use this result to establish decidability of various fragments of quantified , where the next-time operator can be applied only to formulas with at most one fre...