We explored the development of cognitive flexibility in typically developing 6-, 8-, and 10-year-olds and adults by modifying a common cognitive flexibility task, the Flexible Item Selection Task (FIST). Although performance on the standard FIST reached ceiling by 8 years, FIST performance on other variations continued to improve until 10 years of age. Within a detailed task analysis, we also e...

Convergent evidence suggests that corticostriatal interactions act as a gate to select the input to working memory (WM). However, not all information in WM is relevant for behavior simultaneously. For this reason, a second "output gate" might advantageously govern which contents of WM influence behavior. Here, we test whether frontostriatal circuits previously implicated in input gating also su...

Upon reaching the mature heat stable antigen (HSA)low thymic developmental stage, CD1d-restricted Valpha14-Jalpha18 thymocytes undergo a well-characterized sequence of expansion and differentiation steps that lead to the peripheral interleukin-4/interferon-gamma-producing NKT phenotype. However, their more immature HSAhigh precursors have remained elusive, and it has been difficult to determine...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of motivational interviewing-based health coaching on a chronically ill group of participants compared with non-participants. Specifically, measures that could be directly attributed to a health coaching intervention on chronic illness were assessed. DESIGN Quasi-experimental study design. SETTING A large medical university in the north-west United States. ...

The paper describes the process and new methodology of a hybrid prediction system for business sequential data i.e. debt portfolio appraisal. Conducting the local area competence data mining approach, repayment values are predicted by means of combination of various data mining techniques. The methods include clustering of references, model selection and enrichment of input variables with predi...

Long-term genomic selection (GS) requires strategies that balance genetic gain with population diversity, to sustain progress for traits under selection, and to keep diversity for future breeding. In a simulation model for a recurrent selection scheme, we provide the first head-to-head comparison of two such existing strategies: genomic optimal contributions selection (GOCS), which limits reali...

Quantitative geneticists usually distinguish between the shortand long-term response to selection. If we are only trying to predict a few generations of selection response, knowledge of the base population genetic variances (and in particular the heritability) is usually sufficient to make a satisfactory prediction. However, as selection proceeds and allele frequencies change significantly, the...