4. Leg piece?Length to measurement from middle of popliteal space to 1 in. beyond heel. Breadth, 5 ins. at knee sloping to 4J ins. at foot end. 5. Foot piece?9 ins. by 4A i?s. This is fixed to leg piece by two 1-inch mortise and tenon joints. It is also nailed to the extension piece. 6. Extension piece?18 ins. by 6 ins. sloping to 5 ins at the top. A pulley (an empty thread reel on a stout nail...

indecision and resistance to change all hindered plans set out so hopefully in Tenon's fifth memoir, with his vision of 'How splendid hospitals can be'. It is tempting to see parallels in some of the problems faced by Tenon in drawing up his reports and in the politics of the finance, administration and location of hospitals today. The recent Tomlinson Report on hospitals throws the same shadow...

PURPOSE The outcome of glaucoma filtration surgery is affected by subconjunctival wound healing. The effects of the antiglaucoma drug latanoprost on the contractility of human Tenon fibroblasts (HTFs) cultured in a three-dimensional collagen gel were investigated. METHODS HTFs were cultured in a type I collagen gel with latanoprost or various inhibitors of intracellular signaling. Collagen ge...

OBJECTIVE In the study, our aim was to evaluate the predictability of four different nomograms on non-sentinel lymph node metastases (NSLNM) in breast cancer (BC) patients with positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in a multi-center study. METHODS We identified 607 patients who had a positive SLN biopsy and completion axillary lymph node dissection (CALND) at seven different BC treatment ...

PURPOSE To evaluate early and late histopathologic changes following posterior sub-Tenon injection of atracurium in the rabbit eye. METHODS This study was performed on 39 healthy white New Zealand rabbits which received sub-Tenon injection of 0.05-0.08 mg/kg atracurium diluted in 0.5 ml normal saline (N/S) in the left and 0.5 ml N/S in the right eyes. Bilateral enuclation was performed one ho...

In glaucoma surgery, fibrotic processes occur, leading to impairment of liquid outflow. Activated fibroblasts are responsible for postoperative scarring. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway plays a key role in fibroblast function, differentiation and proliferation. The aim of this study was the characterization of the fibrotic potential of two subtypes of primary human ocular fibro...

PURPOSE Oculocardiac reflex (OCR), defined as bradycardia induced by manipulation of extraocular muscles, is a serious complication during strabismus surgery for which prevention and proper management is required. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of sub-Tenon injection of bupivacaine for prevention of OCR and postoperative pain. METHODS A prospective randomized controlled cl...

PURPOSE To investigate whether local administration of interferon (IFN)-beta promotes proliferation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in vivo. METHODS Following local injection of IFN-beta into the sub-Tenon space of rabbit eyes, the penetration of IFN-beta into various intraocular areas was determined by means of enzyme-linked immuno-adsorbent assay. Retinal lesions were produced by la...

OBJECTIVE To report a new grading system and surgical outcome by sealing the gap between the conjunctiva and Tenon capsule. METHODS A total of 32 eyes of 30 patients with pterygia were managed at the Ocular Surface Center from January 1, 2002, through December 31, 2010. The eyes were consecutively operated on by recession; sealing of the gap; covering of exposed medial rectus muscle by amniot...

Abstract This research investigates the robotic assembly of timber structures connected by wood–wood connections. As digitization construction sector progresses, digital tools, such as industrial arms and Computer Numerical Control machines, are becoming increasingly accessible. The new-found ease with which wood can be processed stimulates a renewed interest in traditional joinery, where piece...