Forecasting temperature in time and space is an important precondition for both the design of weather derivatives and the assessment of the hedging effectiveness of index based weather insurance. In this article, we show how this task can be accomplished by means of Kriging techniques. Moreover, we compare Kriging with a dynamic semiparametric factor model (DSFM) that has been recently develope...

Moral judgments are known to change in response to changes in external conditions. But how variable are moral judgments over time in the absence of environmental variation? The moral domain has been described in terms of five moral foundations, categories that appear to capture moral judgment across cultures. We examined the temporal consistency of repeated responses to the moral foundations qu...

OBJECTIVE An experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of length and variability of system response time (SRT) on user behavior and user experience (UX) in sequential computing tasks. BACKGROUND Length is widely considered to be the most important aspect of SRTs in human-computer interaction. Research on temporal attention shows that humans adjust to temporal structures and that per...

Speech variability in groups of speakers with Parkinson's disease (PD) and with Friedreich's ataxia was compared with healthy controls. Speakers repeated the same phrase 20 times at one of two rates (fast or habitual). A non-linear analysis of variability was performed which used some of the principles behind the spatio-temporal index (STI). The STI usually employs variation in lip displacement...

Objective: An experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of length and variability of system response time (SRT) on user behavior and user experience (UX) in sequential computing tasks. Background: Length is widely considered to be the most important aspect of SRTs in human–computer interaction. Research on temporal attention shows that humans adjust to temporal structures and that per...

Spatial and temporal variability of nitrogen fixation in Lake Valencia, Venezuela, were quantified on the basis of duplicate water samples collected from a depth of 0.5 m at 16 sites on 10 dates. The concentration of heterocysts in samples was determined and the samples were incubated with acetylene in situ. Two-way ANOVA was used to separate the variance associated with site (fixed spatial pat...

Some observations are more variable in space and relatively less variable in time or vice versa. Based on the major source of variability, regionalized variable theory is used to construct either spatial or temporal semivariograms. Examples include georeferenced soil data, with primarily spatial variability, and daily weather data, with primarily temporal variability, as input to dynamic simula...

Spatial and temporal environmental variability are important drivers of ecological processes at all scales. As new tools allow the in situ exploration of individual responses to fluctuations, ecologically meaningful ways of characterizing environmental variability at organism scales are needed. We investigated the fine-scale spatial heterogeneity of high-frequency temporal variability in temper...

Many parameters influencing corrosion degradation are time variant and the corrosion process is thus subject to temporal variability, the real characteristics of which are commonly neglected in reliability assessment. After a short overview on the quantitative modeling of corrosion loss, a comparison is made between different temporal models of corrosion degradation and the consequences of appl...

The spatial and temporal aspects of movement variability have typically been studied separately. As a result the relationship between spatial and temporal variabilities remains largely unknown. In two experiments we examined the evolution and covariation of spatial and temporal variabilities over variations in the duration of reciprocal aiming movements. Experiments differed in settings: In Exp...