background and aims: influenza (flu) is a respiratory infection in mammals and birds. it is caused by an rna virus in the family orthomyxoviridae. the virus is divided into three main types. influenza virus type a is found in a wide variety of bird and mammal species and can undergo major shifts in immunological properties. hemagglutinin (ha) is an important influenza virus surface antigen that...

Seven complementation-recombination groups of temperature-sensitive (ts) influenza WSN virus mutants have been previously isolated. Recently two of these groups (IV and VI) were shown to possess defects in the neuraminidase and the hemagglutinin gene, respectively, and two groups (I and III) were reported to have defects in the P3 and P1 proteins which are required for complementary RNA synthes...

Many live virus vaccines derived by empirical routes exhibit temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotypes. The live virus vaccines that have been outstandingly successful in controlling poliomyelitis are the prime example of this phenomenon. The three live attenuated strains developed by Sabin were derived from wild-type isolates by rapid sequential passage at high multiplicity of infection in monkey ...

Reactogenicity and antigenic activity of recombinants obtained by crossing cold-adapted donor of attenuation A/Leningrad/134/47/57 with wild-type influenza virus strains A/Leningrad/322/79(H1N1) and A/Bangkok/1/79(H3N2) were studied. The recombinants were areactogenic when administered as an intranasal spray to children aged 3 to 15, including those who lacked or had only low titers of pre-exis...

A cold-adapted (ca) influenza B reassortant virus vaccine that contained the six internal RNA segments from influenza B/Ann Arbor/1/66 ca virus and the neuraminidase and hemagglutinin genes from wild-type influenza B/Texas/1/84 virus was evaluated in children ranging in age from 8 months to 14 years. The children were vaccinated intranasally with doses ranging from 10(3.2) to 10(6.2) 50% tissue...

Photoperiod and temperature are well-established environmental cues for gonadal growth in seasonally reproducing organisms. The photoperiod is known to regulate seasonal reproduction via induction of thyroid hormone regulating genes the saccus vasculosus (SV) fishes. However, SV absent many breeding fishes, including Heteropneustes fossilis. H. fossilis a long-day catfish which recrudescence be...

In total, 240 studies including serum T4, T3, TSH and thyroid uptake at 2 and 24 hrs were performed in 48 Bangladeshi adult individuals (52% female and 48% male). The aim of the present study was to make a correlation between thyroid serum levels and radioiodine thyroid uptake values of same individuals. Serum T4 and T3 were assessed with commercially available radioimmunoassay kits and TSH wit...

Inside-out follicles prepared from pig thyroid glands were used for studies on endocytosis. endocytosis. In this in vitro system, only the apical plasma membranes of follicle cells were exposed to tracers added to the culture medium. Cationized ferritin (CF) bound to the apical plasma membrane and was transferred first to endosomes and to lysosomes (within 5 min). Later, after approximately 30 ...

We have previously shown that canine signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM; also known as CD150) acts as a cellular receptor for canine distemper virus (CDV). In this study, we established Vero cells stably expressing canine SLAM (Vero.DogSLAMtag cells). Viruses were isolated in Vero.DogSLAMtag cells one day after inoculation with spleen samples from five out of seven dogs with distemp...