The mode of reproduction has been predicted to affect the proliferation of transposable elements (TEs). A population that switches from sexual to asexual reproduction could either accumulate TEs because purifying selection becomes less efficient, or a decrease in TE load because the opportunity for horizontal transmission is reduced. A third possibility is that the mechanism that induces asexua...

New models of TE repression in plants (specifically Arabidopsis) have suggested specific mechanisms by which TE misregulation in hybrids might result in the expression of hybrid inviability. If true, these models suggest as yet undescribed consequences for (1) mechanistic connections between hybrid problems expressed at different postzygotic stages (e.g., inviability versus sterility), (2) the ...

Mode-converted electron Bernstein waves (EBWs) potentially allow the measurement of local electron temperature (Te) and the implementation of local heating and current drive in spherical torus (ST) devices, which are not directly accessible to low harmonic electron cyclotron waves. This paper reports on the measurement of X-mode radiation mode-converted from EBWs observed normal to the magnetic...

Frequency stabilization of a diode laser locked to a whispering gallery mode (WGM) reference resonator made of a MgF2 single crystal is demonstrated. The strong thermal dependence of the difference frequency between two orthogonally polarized TE an TM modes (dual-mode frequency) of the optically anisotropic crystal material allows sensitive measurement of the resonator's temperature ...

We report on single mode optical transmission of hollow core glass waveguides (HWG) coupled with an external cavity mid-IR quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). The QCL mode results perfectly matched to the hybrid HE(11) waveguide mode and the higher losses TE-like modes have efficiently suppressed by the deposited inner dielectric coating. Optical losses down to 0.44 dB/m and output beam divergence o...

In this paper we demonstrate that by breaking the left/right symmetry in a bi-planar double-silicon on insulator (SOI) photonic crystal (PhC) fin-waveguide, can couple conventionally used transverse-electric (TE) polarized mode to transverse-magnetic (TM) polarization slot-mode. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations indicate TE couples robust TM inside Brillouin zone. Broadband trans...

El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the leading mode of interannual climate variability, with large socioeconomical and environmental impacts. The main conceptual model for ENSO, Recharge Oscillator (RO), considers two independent modes: fast zonal tilt in phase central-eastern Pacific Temperature (Te), slow recharge quadrature. However, usual indices (western or equatorial sea level/thermoc...

Theoretical and numerical mode estimation performed on silicon nanowire optical rectangular waveguide (SNORW) is presented for on-chip communication in photonic integrated circuits. The propagation behavior of electric magnetic field investigated, where zeroth order found dominating inside the nanoslot region SNORW, circularly symmetric quasi-TE to propagate. This SNORW structure supports hybri...

A novel silicon-on-insulator (SOI) polarization splitter-rotator (PSR) with a large fabrication tolerance is proposed based on cascaded multimode interference (MMI) couplers and an assisted mode-evolution taper. The tapers are designed to adiabatically convert the input TM(0) mode into the TE(1) mode, which will output as the TE(0) mode after processed by the subsequent MMI mode converter, 90-d...