Increasingly, agendas for future environmental research depend upon comparisons of estimates of species diversity. It is tacitly assumed that the units compared are equivalent—an assumption that is clearly untenable when dealing with a diverse and unnatural assemblage like the algae. Despite this non-equivalence, such comparisons continue to be made along with estimates by taxonomic specialists...

A total of 247 clones of 16S rRNA genes from microorganisms captured by 0.2- and 0.1-microm-pore-size filters from sedimentary and granite rock aquifers were amplified and yielded 37 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Fifteen OTUs captured by 0.1-microm-pore-size filters were affiliated with the candidate divisions OD1 and OP11, representing novel lineages. On the other hand, OTUs captured by ...

Popular de novo amplicon clustering methods suffer from two fundamental flaws: arbitrary global clustering thresholds, and input-order dependency induced by centroid selection. Swarm was developed to address these issues by first clustering nearly identical amplicons iteratively using a local threshold, and then by using clusters' internal structure and amplicon abundances to refine its results...

a phenetic analysis of the 12 taxa or operational taxonomic units (otus) belonging to the three sections; genea, neobromus, and nevskiella of the genus bromus was performed. unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (upgma) and weighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (wpgma) clustering and factoriel method analyses were used to set the taxa apart. forty-four characters...

The paper reviews a set of soil surveys carried out in Iran using a geopedologic approach for different surveying aims in different scales. Most of these studies have implemented a similar survey method including the following steps: delineation of landforms from air photos using geomorphic and soil-landscape relationships, field check of the delineations, sample areas inventory with soils clas...

Vocalizations of anuran amphibians have received much attention in studies of behavioral ecology and physiology, but also provide informative characters for identifying and delimiting species. We here review the terminology and variation of frog calls from a perspective of integrative taxonomy, and provide hands-on protocols for recording, analyzing, comparing, interpreting and describing these...