Numerous studies have found that piercing and tattooing the body is an increasingly prevalent trend in modern popular culture; however, this is not only a modern practice. Evidence of various forms of body ornamentation has been found in human societies dating back thousands of years. Although prior research has focused on the potential relationships between various personality traits and the l...

BACKGROUND Little is known about the prevalence and consequences of body art application. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to provide US tattooing and body piercing prevalence, societal distribution, and medical and social consequence data. METHODS Random digit dialing technology was used to obtain a national probability sample of 253 women and 247 men who were 18 to 50 years of age. RESULTS Of our ...

Background: The final step in the creation of the neo-breast is reconstruction of the nip pleareolar complex (NAC), which is aimed toward bringing the appearance of the NAC closer to that of the contralateral breast following mastectomy. NAC restoration has historically been a stepwise procedure, in which reconstruction of the nipple by the use of grafts or local flaps was followed by reconstru...

Personal Service Establishments (PSEs) encompass a large range of businesses offering services such as aesthetics, tattooing, piercing, and body modification. Services provided by such establishments may pose potential health concerns to their clientele, including risk of infection and injury. These health risks will vary depending on the nature of the service, the tools and equipment used, the...