Do tej pory w języku polskim nie istniało pełne tłumaczenie najstarszego dobrze zachowanego mezopotamskiego zbioru praw, tj. praw Ur-Nammy (panującego latach 2110-2093 p.n.e.). Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje ten zbiór tłumaczeniu z języka sumeryjskiego, uwzględniając nowo opublikowane manuskrypty tego zbioru.

Efficient transcription from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) promoter depends on binding of the viral regulatory protein Tat to a cis-acting RNA regulatory element, TAR. Tat binds at a trinucleotide bulge located near the apex of the TAR stem-loop structure. An essential feature of Tat-TAR interaction is that the protein induces a conformational change in TAR that repositions the functio...

The age-adjusted risk for lung cancer among over 120,000 male current cigarette smokers in the American Cancer Society’s 1959-1972 prospective study was analyzed according to tar yield and quantity smoked per day. At each quantity level, the risk increased with increasing tar yield, and at each tar level, the risk increased with numbers of cigarettes smoked daily. The risks in smokers of cigare...

BACKGROUND Tar is one example of a plant product used in folk medicine and it is obtained from Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe, which is very common in the West Anatolian Region. Old trees that are good for kindling and have thick trucks are preferred to obtain tar. Tar is used not only as traditional medicine but also for protection against both endoparasites and ectoparasit...

2-Hydroxy-4(-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropoxy)-benzoic acid (UR-1505), a new molecule chemically related to salicylic acid, has immunomodulator properties and is currently under clinical development for treatment of atopic dermatitis. The present work describes the immunomodulatory profile of UR-1505. UR-1505 targets T cells, inhibiting their proliferation and cytokine production by blocking nuclea...

BACKGROUND Low-tar cigarette smoking is gaining popularity in China. The China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC) promotes low-tar cigarettes as safer than regular cigarettes. METHODS A total of 543 male smokers smoking cigarettes with different tar yields (15 mg, regular cigarettes, 10-13 mg low-tar cigarettes and < 10 mg low-tar cigarettes) were recruited in Shanghai, China, who then compl...

Cigarette smoke consists of tar and gas phase: the latter is toxicologically important because it can pass through lung alveolar epithelium to enter the circulation. Here we attempt to establish a standard method for preparation of gas phase extract of cigarette smoke (CSE). CSE was prepared by continuously sucking cigarette smoke through a Cambridge filter to remove tar, followed by bubbling i...

BACKGROUND Reducing tar yields of manufactured cigarettes has been an important plank of government policy on tobacco, but sale weighted yields are not routinely published. METHODS Tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields measured by the Laboratory of the Government Chemist were combined with cigarette brand market shares from national surveys of smoking behaviour to generate sales weighted ...

Coal Tar is a semisolid byproduct obtained in the destructive distillation of bituminous coal which functions in cosmetic products as a cosmetic biocide and denaturant — antidandruff agent is also listed as a function, but this is considered an over-the-counter (OTC) drug use. Coal Tar is a nearly black, viscous liquid, heavier than water, with a naphthalene-like odor and a sharp burning taste,...