A major source of patterning problems in low-k1 lithography is line-end pullback. Though geometric metrics such as CD at gate edge have served as good indicators, the ever-rising contribution of line-end extension to layout area necessitates reducing pessimism in qualifying line-end patterning. Electrically-aware metrics for line-ends can be helpful in this regard. In this work, we calculate th...

This report describes a rare case of recurrent bilateral focal myositis and its successful treatment via methotrexate. A 38-year-old man presented myalgia of the right gastrocnemius in May 2005. Magnetic resonance imaging showed very high signal intensity in the right gastrocnemius on short-tau inversion recovery images. A muscle biopsy revealed inflammatory CD4+ cell-dominant myogenic change. ...

We investigate data tapering in two formulations of empirical likelihood for time series. One empirical likelihood is formed from tapered data-blocks in the time-domain and a second is based on the tapered periodogram in the frequency-domain. Limiting distributions are provided for both empirical likelihood versions under tapering. Theoretical and simulation evidence indicate that a data taper ...

Tapering the undulator parameter is a well-known method for maintaining the resonant condition past saturation, and increasing Free Electron Laser (FEL) efficiency. In this paper, we demonstrate that shifting the electron bunch phase relative to the radiation is equivalent to tapering the undulator parameter. Using discrete phase changes derived from optimized undulator tapers for the Linac Coh...

The endoplasmic reticulum of Saprolegnia, Dictyuchus, Synura and Cryptomonas may contain tubules less than 20 nm in diameter. In Saprolegnia these tubules have a maximum length of 1-6/tin, a wall of a single layer of colchicine-resistant, osmiophilic subunits, and a tapering end-piece. Flimmer hairs (flagellar hairs) are morphologically similar and are attached to the flagellum sheath by a tape...

Using ab initio calculations, structural tapering of silicon nanowires is shown to have a profound effect on their electronic properties. In particular, the electronic structure of small-diameter tapered silicon nanowires is found to have a strong axial dependence, with unoccupied eigenstates being substantially more sensitive to diameter. Moreover, the states corresponding to the highest occup...

The analytical design procedure of lowsensitivity, low-power, low-pass (LP) 2-and 3-order class-4 active-RC allpole filters, using impedance tapering, has already been published [1][2]. In this paper the desensitisation using impedance tapering is applied to the design of LP 4-order filters. The numerical design procedure was performed by Newton’s iterative method. Analytically designed unity-g...

We verify the effective refraction index approach (ERIA) developed for surface plasmon propagation in ultrathin tapered metal–dielectric–metal slot waveguides by means of comparison of exact solutions obtained within ERIA for two different profiles and different scales of tapering with finite-difference time-domain numerical simulations. We show that for smooth enough tapering, ERIA gives the p...

This paper presents a design methodology and analytic relationships for the optimal tapering of cascaded buffers which consider the effects of local interconnect capacitance. The method, constant capacitance-to-current ratio tapering (CRT), is based on maintaining the capacitive load to current drive ratio constant, and therefore, the propagation delay of each buffer stage also remains constant...