abstract the role of fluorescent pseudomonads in biocontrol of take-all disease caused by gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici (ggt) has been the subject of many researchs in the recent years. biofilm formation in fluorescent pseudomonads play an important role in biocontrol disease. for this purpose,130 strains of fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from wheat rhizosphere in different regions of ...

Take Toxoplasma gondii, the single-celled parasite. When mice are infected by it, they suffer the grave misfortune of becoming attracted to cats. Once a cat inevitably consumes the doomed creature, the parasite can complete its life cycle inside its new host. Or consider Cordyceps, the parasitic fungus that can grow into the brain of an insect. The fungus can force an ant to climb a plant befor...

In adversarial networks, edges correspond to negative interactions such as competition or dominance. We introduce a new type of node called low-key leader in distinguished by contrasting the centrality measures CON score and PageRank. present novel hypothesis that leaders are ubiquitous networks provide evidence considering data from real-world including dominance 172 animal populations, tradin...

We investigate the capital structure of pioneering startup firms, which are frequently credited with opening new markets and niches in digital era often face threat potential entry successful, cash-rich firms from adjacent markets. Our analysis is made context a winner-take-all competition form an all-pay auction for monopolistic position market. show that pioneer's optimal exhibits widespread ...