Some reference grammars and cross-linguistic works describe all elements that are not clear-cut words as “clitics.” As a consequence of this practice, the class suggested clitics is highly heterogeneous, which reduces usefulness “clitic” label whole. In response to situation, more nuanced typology grammatical forms proposed here. The argument crucially relies on notion formal “dependence,” esse...

The word of qalam in the Quran is mentioned very limited, it only four times. In everyday life, known as a pen or writing tools, even though if analyzed further will not have simple meaning that. This research tend to analyze comprehensively by finding out signs words some verses with semiotics approachment. this case, author utilize semiotic theory Ferdinad D Saussure that binary opposition co...

Many existing information retrieval models do not explicitly take into account information about word associations. Our approach makes use of first and second order relationships found in natural language, known as syntagmatic and paradigmatic associations, respectively. This is achieved by using a formal model of word meaning within the query expansion process. On ad hoc retrieval, our approac...

A noun-compound is a compressed proposition that requires an audience to recover the implicit relationship between two concepts that are expressed as nouns. Listeners recover this relationship by considering the most typical relations afforded by each concept. These relational possibilities are evident at a linguistic level in the syntagmatic patterns that connect nouns to the verbal actions th...

In this paper we present a supervised Word Sense Disambiguation methodology, that exploits kernel methods to model sense distinctions. In particular a combination of kernel functions is adopted to estimate independently both syntagmatic and domain similarity. We defined a kernel function, namely the Domain Kernel, that allowed us to plug “external knowledge” into the supervised learning process...

This paper examines the relationship between phonetic exponents of syntagmatic prosodic structuring and functions in speech communication in English, German, and French. Two strands are distinguished in this substance-function relation: the transmission of semantic structures in propositional, appellative, and expressive meaning, and the facilitation of this transfer from sender to receiver by ...

This article concerns the general functional features of an adjective in modern English, and in particular multistate lexical item “just”, which carries different meanings in different variants of combinatorics. The authors analyze the combinations used with the adjectival lexeme item “just” and reveal the categories that determine the degree of semantic content of each given statement. The nee...

Syahrur introduced the term tsabat an-nash wa taghayyur al-muhtawa, which means that text of Qur'an is fixed, but meaning has changed so it can be interpreted dynamically according to situation and context. He disassembled from etymology morphology seen in redefinition Al-Qur'an considered synonymous. This study uses a qualitative method with synchronous diachronic analysis. research literature...