goal: this study aims at analyzing and categorizing different grammatical errors including morpho-syntactic and syntactic errors in written narratives of mentally retarded students in tehran. the frequencies of errors are compared among students in different grades. method: descriptive-analytic method has been used. a test consisted of four picture stories have been administered to 125 students...

A concept of annotations for rendering procedural aspects of Prolog is presented, built around wellknown procedural concepts of Standard Prolog. Annotations describe properties of predicates. Such properties can be pre or post conditions, which must hold true when a predicate is called or exited, respectively. Our concept transcends pre/post conditions: we introduce two more kinds of annotation...

Contributors: Michael Lewis Schneir (author), Wendy Kingdom (section editor), Any Whereat editor)

One of the functionalities of software development environments is to maintain all the documents produced in the software development process. To facilitate the much needed traceability support for the software process, the representation of the software documents should capture not only the individual documents, but also their relationships and structural properties. In this paper, we present ...

GUPU is a programming environment specialized for Prolog programming courses which supports a novel way to teaching Prolog. The major improvement in teaching Prolog concerns how programs are read and understood. While the traditional approach covers Prolog’s execution mechanism and its relation to mathematical logic we confine ourselves to reading programs informally as English sentences. The s...

NPIs have been studied intensely in several linguistic frameworks since Klima (1964). Since they may occur both in the scope of negation as well as in a variety of other semantically or pragmatically related environments (such as interrogatives, antecedents of conditionals, modifiers of superlative and universal NPs, complements of adversative predicates, to name a few), one very active and con...

Japanese Bare Nouns (JBNs) appear to behave like indefinites in some contexts, and mass nouns in some other contexts. For example, when accomplishment verbs have JBNs as their theme, they are modified by both in-adverbs and for-adverbs. This paper first claims that JBNs are weak indefinites and introduce a variable to be bound by Existential Closure. Second, it shows how telic predicates are de...