INTRODUCTION: Crocodile tears syndrome (CTS) is a synkinesis-type sequela seen after facial paralysis. CTS is characterized by hyperlachrymation while feeding. Botulinum toxin A (BTxA) has been used as a treatment for CTS patients. The BTxA mechanism of action in the lacrimal gland is the presynaptic blockade of acetylcholine release at cholinergic nerve endings, thereby reducing the stimulus o...

OBJECTIVE Evaluation of the effect of mime therapy, a novel therapy combining mime and physiotherapy, for patients with longstanding (at least 9 months) sequelae of unilateral peripheral facial paralysis. STUDY DESIGN Randomized clinical trial, with the treatment group receiving mime therapy and the control group forming a waiting list. SETTING Physiotherapy outpatient department of two uni...

In this chapter we describe a variety of rare but clinically identifiable ocular motor syndromes, including ocular neuromyotonia, superior oblique myokymia, ocular motor synkinesis, third nerve palsy with cyclic spasms, and paroxysmal manifestations of multiple sclerosis. These syndromes share many characteristics. They result from neurogenic hyperactivity, causing episodic spasms of one or sev...

We conducted a retrospective case review at our tertiary care academic medical center to assess the long-term results of microvascular free-tissue transfer to achieve facial reanimation in 3 patients. These patients had undergone wide-field parotidectomy with facial nerve resection. Upper facial reanimation was accomplished with a proximal facial nerve-sural nerve graft, and lower facial moveme...

We studied the distribution of somatic motor neurons innervating the cat superior rectus 3-6 months after oculomotor nerve injury using intramuscular horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In normal cats, 98% or more of the labelled superior rectus motoneurons were in the contralateral oculomotor subnucleus. Two experimental cats who exhibited little or no evidence of recovery showed few labelled cells ...

Introduction: Varicella-zoster virus may cause an infectious disease called Ramsay Hunt syndrome. The related symptoms include facial nerve palsy (FNP), otalgia, the vesicular eruptions of the auricle and external auditory canal, less common ocular movement disorder, facial hypoesthesia, myofascial pain, vestibular symptoms, hearing loss, dysphasia, vocal cord paralysis, as well as tongue paral...