Hypophosphatasia is a rare heritable disorder caused by inactivating mutations in the gene (Alpl) that encodes tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). Hypophosphatasia with onset in infants and children can manifest as rickets. How TNAP deficiency leads to bone hypomineralization is well explained by TNAP's primary function of pyrophosphate hydrolysis when expressed in differentiated bo...

INTRODUCTION Pain in groin without any history of trauma or positive clinical findings of infection or stress fracture in ischiopubic ramus poses challenges in diagnosis of the condition in prepubertal age. "Osteochondrosis of ischiopubic synchondrosis (IPS)" also called as "Van Neck-Odelberg" disease. Left leg dominant patient presented with pain in groin and limping with left leg dominance. D...

Anatomic variants and developmental defects of the basiocciput are uncommon. The best known include transverse segmentation , longitudinal segmentation, "key-hole defect," and canalis basilaris medianus (CBM). Transverse segmentation [1-3] may be complete or incomplete. In the complete form the basiocciput is divided by a transverse fissure into an anterior part, sometimes called os basioticum,...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the evidence on three-dimensional immediate effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) treatment on growing patients as assessed by computed tomography/cone beam computed tomography (CT/CBCT) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS The published literature was searched through the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library electronic databases from January 1966 to December 2012. The in...

AIM The aims of this clinical study were to describe the segments and the inferior boundaries of the odontoid process as regards the embryological development of C2 based on the magnetic resonance imaging finding. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cranial and cervical magnetic resonance images including occiput, C1, and C2, and those obtained for different reasons such as evaluation of cranial and upper c...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183305.].