Alterations in brain activity patterns were assessed in response to swim stress by immunocytochemical detection of Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-LI) and high-resolution autoradiographic imaging of 14C-2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake. The stress paradigm investigated was a classic behavioral screen for antidepressant drug activity, the forced swim test. One of the most pronounced effects produced ...

Organizational Behaviorists cite several key attributes and competencies typically associated with effective leadership. High energy, conscientiousness, and cognitive ability make most lists. Unfortunately, these attributes are not very malleable, especially for adults. Fortunately, there are also several competencies—related to effective leadership but distinct from traits-that can be develope...

Initiatives related to the proposed development of “services science” created a challenge for further development of the work system method, a systems analysis method designed for business professionals: Would it be possible to develop a version of the method that specifically addressed services? Although that research is on-going, thinking about services as a special type of work system led to...

UNLABELLED Restraint stress exposures evoke progressively larger increases in 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in limbic brain regions as the number of repetitions increases. The Porsolt swim test usually involves two swim exposures separated by 24 h, and we asked whether the 2-AG response differed between the first and second exposures. METHODS Four groups of male C57/Bl6N mice were studied: co...

PURPOSE A prospective study was planned to determine the relationship between post swim-up acrosome index (AI) evaluation and fertilization outcomes in an in vitro fertilization (IVF) program. MATERIALS AND METHODS Infertile couples who have applied to IVF were admitted into this study when the male partner's sperm concentration was > 20 x 10(6)/mL and motility > 30%. Pre- and post swim-up se...

Despite subaqueous fossils tracks of tetrapods being quite common in the fossil record, few studies discuss their classification and morphofunctional interpretation. Even with their simple morphology, some important information about the trackmakers can be retrieved from these tracks. Subaqueous traces were found in Brazil in the Irati Formation (Cisuralian, Permian), Paraná Basin, and describe...

Spiroplasmas are small helical bacteria without rigid walls. They have a cytoskeleton in the form of a flat ribbon that runs the length of the cell. In an ordinary liquid medium, a cell spins about its long axis, but it does not translate. In a gel-like medium, containing a viscous agent like methylcellulose, it moves rapidly in a direction parallel to its long axis. Here I suggest how a cytosk...

provision for integrative sensing of environmental information so that appropriate reactions can follow. In most metazoans, specialized sensory systems make specific connections within integrative centers which, in turn, pass on sorted information to appropriate effectors. However, in the generalized cnidarian, integrative centers are considered to be poorly developed (in a comparative sense). ...