all of the tea plantations in iran are concentrated in the caspian sea region on soils previously developed under deciduous natural forests. this research conducted to study the effect of land use change (from forest to tea) on selected physico-chemical and mineralogical properties of soils under humid climate and mountainous landscape in northern iran. three transects facing west to northwest ...

three k-tree distance and fixed-sized plot designs were used for estimating tree density in sparse oak forests. these forests cover the main part of the zagros mountain area in western iran. they are non-timber-oriented forest but important for protection purposes. the main objective was to investigate the statistical performance of k-tree distance and fixed-sized plot designs in the estimation...

ests could provide a larger share of the nation’s timber supply (Stoddard 1942, 1961). Thus, initial programs were designed to help owners of small tracts of forestland be more productive timber managers. The term “sustainable forestry,” described generally as managing forests for their ecological, economic, and social benefits such that these benefits do not diminish in quantity or quality ove...

Through the past 60 years, forests, now of various age classes, have been established in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula through nationwide efforts to reestablish forests since the Korean War (1950-53), during which more than 65% of the nation's forest was destroyed. Careful evaluation of long-term changes in vegetation growth after reforestation is one of the essential steps to ensur...

A matrix growth model is estimated on the basis of growth data (growth period 5 years) of 14 measurement plots of uneven-aged white pine from southern Ontario. The impact of three economic factors specific to the private forests on the sustainable management of private woodlots is evaluated and discussed, and the trade-off between environmental and economic values is examined. These three econo...

Conservation is defined as the management of natural resources in a way that is positive, embracing preservation, maintenance, sustainable utilisation, restoration and enhancement of the natural environment. This broader concept of conservation will only be realised if applied at all levels of social organisation and at all scales across the landscape – real conservation cannot be achieved in s...

the hyrcanian forests have been highly exploited in recent decades by human impacts. easy access, abundance and variety of valuable forest yields have led to population growth density, creation of new residential areas and deforestation activities. change detection is one of the main methods of management and evaluation of natural resources. we investigated forest changes in southern surroundin...