In a letter to one of the authors, Sir Nevill Mott, then in his tenth decade, highlighted the fact that the statement '... a metal conducts, and a non-metal doesn't' can be true only at the absolute zero of temperature, T=0 K. But, of course, experimental studies of metals, non-metals and, indeed, the electronic and thermodynamic transition between these canonical states of matter must always o...

Applications in which data take nonnegative values but have a substantial proportion of values at zero occur in many disciplines. The modeling of such “clumped-at-zero” or “zero-inflated” data is challenging. We survey models that have been proposed. We consider cases in which the response for the non-zero observations is continuous and in which it is discrete. For the continuous and then the d...

Adsorption of p-Nitrophenol by three different activated carbons (F100, S.E.I. and B.D.H.) was carried out at 301 K and at controlled pH conditions. Two different adsorption models (Langmuir model and Freundlich model) were studied and compared. The adsorption capacity of the carbons depends on the Point of Zero Charge (PZC) and surface area of the carbons. Adsorption of the solute at higher pH...

introduction accurate estimation of the skin-absorbed dose in external radiation therapy is essential to estimating the probability of secondary carcinogenesis induction materials and methods electron contamination in prostate radiotherapy was investigated using the monte carlo (mc) code calculation. in addition, field size dependence of the skin dose was assessed. excess cancer risk induced by...