Pulmonary vein stenosis is a well-established possible complication following an atrial fibrillation ablation of pulmonary veins. Symptoms of pulmonary vein stenosis range from asymptomatic to severe exertional dyspnea. The number of asymptomatic patients with pulmonary vein stenosis is greater than originally estimated; moreover, only about 22% of severe pulmonary vein stenosis requires interv...

Elastin haploinsufficiency is responsible for a significant portion of the Williams syndrome (WS) phenotype including hoarse voice, supravalvar aortic stenosis (SVAS), hernias, diverticuli of bowel and bladder, soft skin, and joint abnormalities. All of the connective tissue signs and symptoms are variable in the WS population, but few factors other than age and gender are known to influence th...

CONTEXT Dysplastic pulmonary valve stenosis is a less common variety of valvular pulmonary stenosis. It is known to be part of Noonan syndrome. Bony hand anomalies in patients of pulmonary stenosis are very rare. CASE REPORT A 50-year-old lady, with no significant past history, presented with slowly progressive breathlessness and fatigue, and had progressed from NYHA class 1 to 2 over 2 years...

CONGENITAL stenosis of the pulmonary artery branches is an anomaly characterized by narrowed segments of one or more of the main or peripheral branches of the pulmonary artery. Such conditions lhave been variously labeled pulmonary coaretation,' peripheral pulmonary stenosis,2 and multiple peripheral stenoses 3 of the pulmonary artery. Several cases of this anomaly have appeared in the literatu...

In the 12 years from 1975 to 1987, 55 patients had open pulmonary valve surgery for isolated congenital stenosis of the pulmonary valve. Three types of pulmonary stenosis were seen: (a) dome-shaped pulmonary stenosis (34 patients); (b) dysplastic pulmonary valves with thick cauliflower-like cusps (12 patients), and (c) hour-glass deformity of the pulmonary valve, with "bottle-shaped" sinuses (n...

Mitral stenosis is associated with increased pulmonary artery pressure and resistance. Adrenomedullin, discovered in human pheochromocytoma tissue in 1993, has shown to dilate the pulmonary vessels and so may participate in the control of pulmonary circulation. In this study, we assessed the plasma concentration of adrenomedullin in patients complaining of rheumatic mitral stenosis, with and wi...

We investigated the usefulness of helical computed tomography(CT)in the morphological diagnosis of pulmonary vein stenosis, particularly that in infants and small children. In total, 20 helical CT examinations were performed in 10 post-operative cases of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage(TAPVD), 3 cases of single right ventricle, and 1 case of single left ventricle. In all cases, distin...

bifid cardiac apex is a rare anomaly of human hearts. we report of the case of a 34-year-old man with a previous history of ventricular septal defect (vsd) and subvalvular pulmonary stenosis. he had undergone pulmonary commissurotomy and vsd closure 22 years before he was referred to our center for evaluation of progressive dyspnea. transthoracic echocardiography revealed atrial septal defect (...