This paper compares the theoretical and functional specification of production in partial equilibrium (PE) and computable general equilibrium (CGE) models of the global agricultural and food system included in the AgMIP model comparison study. The two model families differ in their scope—partial versus economywide—and in how they represent technology and the behavior of supply and demand in mar...

in any supply chain, distribution planning of products is of great importance to managers. with effective and flexible distribution planning, mangers can increase the efficiency of time, place, and delivery utility of whole supply chain. in this paper, inventory routing problem (irp) is applied to distribution planning of perishable products in a supply chain. the studied supply chain is compos...

to be sure, all the industries try to be involved in globalization with a constant trend to find out ways to increase productivity across different functions within an organization to maintain competitive advantage world. pharmaceutical industries are not exceptional and further are based on fragmentation. so these kind of companies need to cope with several barriers such as silo mentality that...

A manufacturing supply chain is an integrated set of business functions, encompassing all activities from raw material acquisition to final customer delivery. Delivering the right product at the right time in the right amount are essential objectives of efficient and effective supply chain systems. Thus, measures must be taken to ensure that all operational components of the supply chain system...

Abstract: In this paper, we develop a supply chain network game theory model consisting of retailers and demand markets with retailers competing noncooperatively in order to maximize their expected profits by determining their optimal product transactions as well as cybersecurity investments subject to nonlinear budget constraints that include the cybersecurity investment cost functions. The co...

This publication was produced for review by the U.S. Agency for International Development. It was prepared by the USAID | DELIVER PROJECT, Task Order 4. U SA ID | D EL IV ER P RO JE CT 2 00 9 Supply chain integration is a performance-improving approach that develops seamless linkages between the actors, levels, and functions within a supply chain to optimize customer service. The objectives of ...

We study a supply chain economy that comprises heterogeneous supply chains involving multiple products and competing for multiple markets. The proposed network model is built upon operation links and interface links, representing, respectively, substantial supply chain operations and coordination functions between the operations. The paper presents a variational inequality formulation of the pr...

in this research, we address the application of uncertaintyprogramming to design a multi-site, multi-product, multi-period,closed-loop supply chain (clsc) network. in order to make theresults of this article more realistic, a clsc for a case study inthe iron and steel industry has been explored. the presentedsupply chain covers three objective functions: maximization ofprofit, minimization of n...