Social indirect reciprocity seems to be crucial in enabling large-scale cooperative networks among genetically unrelated individuals in humans. However, there are relatively few studies on social indirect reciprocity in children compared to adults. Investigating whether young children have a behavioral tendency toward social indirect reciprocity will help us understand how and when the fundamen...

BACKGROUND Data for earthquake-related alterations in physique among young children in developed countries is lacking. The Great East Japan Earthquake caused severe damage in Iwate, Miyagi, and Fukushima Prefectures in northeastern Japan. METHODS We retrospectively obtained anthropometric measurements in nursery school from 40,046 (cohort 1, historical control) and 53,492 (cohort 2) children ...

"Creative" is a word with many uses. Sometimes it is used to describe the potential of a person to produce creative works whether they have produced any work as yet or not. Sometimes it is used to describe every-day behaviors as, for example, when a nursery school curriculum is said to encourage creative activities such as drawing or story telling. In this essay, I will restrict the meaning of ...

The educational function of the nursery school differs considerably from that of the primary or secondary school. Nursery school education is concerned mainly with the development of character, of social behavior and of emotional adjustment and only to a lesser degree with the imparting of information and training in manual and linguistic skills. In schools for older children the educational ai...

The present study aimed to investigate the frequency of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy and its relation to socioeconomic status (SES) among 6- to 13-year-old primary school students in Yozgat province. Between March 1, 2012 and March 15, 2012, 1098 primary and nursery school students who had complete ear, nose and throat examination in our department were included in the study. The students we...

To evaluate significant caries (SiC) index values and related factors in Turkish children aged 5-6 years old, children from 5 nursery schools in Istanbul were included in a cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic information and data about oral care habits were obtained from the records and from parents. Of 542 students examined, the mean decayed/missing/filled primary teeth (dmft) index was 3....

AIMS To assess the rates of violence in nursery rhymes compared to pre-watershed television viewing. METHODS Data regarding television viewing habits, and the amount of violence on British television, were obtained from Ofcom. A compilation of nursery rhymes was examined for episodes of violence by three of the researchers. Each nursery rhyme was analysed by number and type of episode. They w...

This paper outlines ongoing research that is investigating ways to increase the supply of high quality planting materials for smallholder forestry in the Philippines. A Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) of the nursery sector that had been developed previously by one of the authors was further refined during a planning and implementation workshop for the ACIAR Smallholder Nursery project. The refine...

SUMMARY This study comprises 732 newborns in the period from Dec. 15 1992 to June. 15 1993 in the neonatal ward, Bou Ali Medical Center. Of the newborns, 367 were cared for with rooming-in facilities and 365 in the nursery. Physical examinations performed at the first week, second week and the end of the 4th week showed that incidence of skin and ophthalmic infections were high in these newbor...

Streptococcus mutans strains were isolated from cohorts of Brazilian nursery school children and genotyped by arbitrarily primed PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Of 24 children with two to five S. mutans isolates, 29% carried two or more genotypes. The presence of matching genotypes of S. mutans among children attending one nursery suggests horizontal transmission.