In this study, by recognizing geographical location changes of the sun-path diagram, we present a selection of sustainable architectural guidelines that influence the climatic element of sunshine. For this purpose, after the introduction of triple zones of the earth in terms of how the sun is exposed(include:Tropical, temperate and polar), the function of the earth's curvature to create geograp...

The Sun is the nearest star to us normal, and its luminosity, corresponding to (3.846 ± 0.008) x 1026 Watt, well known from experience [1]. The luminosity is the source of life on the Earth. But explain this simple fact on the basis of scientific and universally accepted submissions; we are not in the states. Judging by the remains of ancient organisms on the Earth, the luminosity of the Sun ha...

The European Space Agency’s infrared space interferometer DARWIN is dedicated to the investigation of Earth-like extrasolar planets orbiting bright stars. A multi-aperture interferometer fed by free-flying telescopes allows spectroscopic analysis of the weak planet signal which could give hints on the possibility of the existence of Earth-like life. However, for a Sun/Earth-like constellation a...

The fields of occultation and microlensing are linked historically. Early this century, occultation of the Sun by the Moon allowed the apparent positions of background stars projected near the limb of the Sun to be measured and compared with their positions six months later when the Sun no longer influenced the light path to Earth. The measured shift in the stellar positions was consistent with...

In this paper we consider the existence of stable motions for a particle near the triangular points of the Earth-Moon system. To this end, we first use a simplified model (the socalled Bicircular Problem, BCP) that includes the main effects coming from the Earth, Moon and Sun. The neighbourhood of the triangular points in the BCP model is unstable, as happens in the real system. However, here w...

Many planned Earth observation satellite missions use distributed satellite systems in constellation or cluster orbits instead of one, large satellite with many instruments. This network of satellites and ground stations allows data to be efficiently downlinked. However, to create a networking protocol for constellations of small Earth observing satellites, several limitations need to be addres...

The planet Mars hosts an atmosphere that is perhaps the closest in terms of its meteorology and climate to that of the Earth. But Mars differs from Earth in its greater distance from the Sun, its smaller size, its lack of liquid oceans and its thinner atmosphere, composed mainly of CO2. These factors give Mars a rather different climate to that of the Earth. In this article we review various as...

Long lead-time space-weather forecasting requires accurate prediction of the near-Earth solar wind. The current state of the art uses a coronal model to extrapolate the observed photospheric magnetic field to the upper corona, where it is related to solar wind speed through empirical relations. These near-Sun solar wind and magnetic field conditions provide the inner boundary condition to three...