A Hamiltonian path is a spanning path in a graph i.e. a path through every vertex. In this paper we present an interesting sufficient condition for a graph to possess a Hamiltonian path. In particular we prove that the degree sum of all pairwise nonadjacent vertex-triples is greater than 1/2(3n 5) implies that the graph has a Hamiltonian path, where n is the number of vertices of that graph. Al...

This paper examines the possibility for two contestants to agree on a peace settlement thereby avoiding a contest, in which each would exert a costly effort given the posterior distributions inferred from the negotiation. I find a necessary and sufficient condition of the prior distributions for there to exist a negotiation mechanism that admits a peace-ensuring perfect Bayesian equilibrium. Th...

Let G be a graph and α(G) be the independence number of G. For a vertex v ∈ V (G), d(v) and N(v) represent the degree of v and the neighborhood of v in G, respectively. In this paper, we prove that if G is a k-connected graph of order n, and if max{d(v) : v ∈ S} ≥ n/2 for every independent set S of G with |S| = k which has two distinct vertices x, y ∈ S satisfying 1 ≤ |N(x) ∩N(y)| ≤ α(G)− 1, th...

The study of Hamiltonian graphs began with Dirac’s classic result in 1952. This was followed by that of Ore in 1960. In 1984 Fan generalized both these results with the following result: If G is a 2-connected graph of order n and max{d(u), d(v)}≥n/2 for each pair of vertices u and v with distance d(u, v)=2, then G is Hamiltonian. In 1991 Faudree–Gould–Jacobson–Lesnick proved that if G is a 2-co...

For the sequential quadratic programming method (SQP), we show that close to a solution satisfying the same assumptions that are required for its local quadratic convergence (namely, uniqueness of the Lagrange multipliers and the second-order sufficient optimality condition), the direction given by the SQP subproblem using the Hessian of the Lagrangian is a descent direction for the standard l1...

classical control methods such as pontryagin maximum principle and bang-bang principle and other methods are not usually useful for solving opti-mal control systems (ocs) specially optimal control of nonlinear systems (ocns). in this paper, we introduce a new approach for solving ocns by using some combination of atomic measures. we define a criterion for controllability of lumped nonlinear con...

In 1963, Polyak proposed a simple condition that is sufficient to show a global linear convergence rate for gradient descent. This condition is a special case of the Lojasiewicz inequality proposed in the same year, and it does not require strong convexity (or even convexity). In this work, we show that this much-older PolyakLojasiewicz (PL) inequality is actually weaker than the main condition...

it is firstly proved that the multi-input-single-output (miso) fuzzy systems based on interval-valued $r$- and $s$-implications can approximate any continuous function defined on a compact set to arbitrary accuracy.  a formula to compute the lower upper bounds on the number  of interval-valued fuzzy sets needed to achieve a pre-specified approximation  accuracy for an arbitrary multivariate con...