The opisthobranch mollusc, Navanax, is carnivorous and cannibalistic. Prey are swallowed whole by way of a sudden expansion of the pharynx. The buccal ganglion which controls this sucking action was isolated and bathed in seawater. Attention was focused upon 10 identifiable cells visible on the ganglion's rostral side. Two cells were observed simultaneously, and each was penetrated with two gla...

The thrust characteristics of a large-expansion-ratio annular expansion–deflection (ED) nozzle are investigated based on detailed flow pattern simulations. purpose is to build bridge between the internal and performance. present work traces parameters along typical streamlines demonstrate pattern, partitions exit plane its features evaluate contributions each coefficient contributor in differen...

This work presents a numerical simulation of intraventricular flow after the implantation of a bileaflet mechanical heart valve at the mitral position. The left ventricle was simplified conceptually as a truncated prolate spheroid and its motion was prescribed based on that of a healthy subject. The rigid leaflet rotation was driven by the transmitral flow and hence the leaflet dynamics were so...

A two-way coupling particle flux model is proposed for studying the multi-component solid–fluid suspension. The suspension mixture treated as a non-linear single-phase fluid and migration of solid particles modeled by equation. takes effects on transport suspension’s momentum internal energy into account. Two benchmark problems are calculated to study performance model, i.e., flow in sudden exp...

The network expansion problem is a very important practical optimization when there need to increment the flow through an existing of transportation, electricity, water, gas, etc. In this problem, augmentation can be achieved either by increasing capacities on arcs, or adding new arcs network. Both operations are coming with cost. paper, finding minimum cost so that modified transport given amo...

The auroral substorm is an organized sequence of events seen in the aurora near midnight. It is a manifestation of the magnetospheric substorm which is a disturbance of the magnetosphere brought about by the solar wind transfer of magnetic flux from the dayside to the tail lobes and its return through the plasma sheet to the dayside. The most dramatic feature of the auroral substorm is the sudd...