This paper examines various aspects of the design process and subsequent field test measurements of a large and complex substation grounding system. The study and measurements show that soil layering and lead interference can have a significant impact on the appropriate test location that yields the exact substation ground impedance. Applying a specific percentage rule such as the 61.8% rule fo...

Abstract – This paper investigates overvoltages on the SF6 substation enclosure caused by the switching operation of the interrupter. The paper analyzes the amplitude and the overvoltage duration on the substation enclosure. Switching overvoltages take part in the everyday drive of HV substations and constitute an undesired phenomenon that may often, beside transient disturbances, lead to undes...

Using IEC 61850 standard would increase the reliability and availability of electricity network and put a huge impact on network automation. Even though much research works has been done in substation system reliability, there is a few works in automated substation control system reliability. This paper evaluates the reliability of substation automation system based IEC 61850 comparatively cons...

www.extension.umn.edu/beef In spite of increasing corn prices, incentives for feedlot expansion exist in the Upper Midwest due to the increased supply of ethanol co-product feeds, relatively inexpensive corn and forage, availability of crop land for manure application, and clearly defined feedlot regulations in states like Minnesota. A recent estimate of distillers’ grains supply of 24 million ...

Recent breakthroughs in Transmission Network Expansion Planning (TNEP) have demonstrated that the use of robust optimization, as opposed to stochastic programming methods, renders the expansion planning problem computationally tractable for real systems. State-of-the-art robust methods treat this problem as stationary throughout the study period, with all the required investments on expansion o...

Power substations are intensively renovated toward using information and communication technologies such as object oriented modeling and Ethernet networks. In the last two decades, Substation automation systems used capabilities of network communication services adopted from sophisticated international standardizations such as IEC 61850. Distributed safety related functions take advantage of th...