Caffeine is one of the most widespread psychotropic substances in the world. It exerts multiple effects on the brain including adenosine receptor antagonism, and thereby has been found to modulate aspects of cognition, including attention, in animal models and in healthy human volunteers. This review considers what is known of the effects of caffeine on symptoms and cognitive functions in atten...

Recently, synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRA) rank among the most frequently used abused substances. The most frequently used SCRA in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is JWH-018, which is also known as ‘Bonsai’ on the streets. For the cases reported on SCRA use, the most frequently observed symptoms are agitation, irritation, delusions of persecution and delusions of reference...

Background & Aims: Some people use opioid substances to relief their chronic somatic pains. There are differences in the personality traits of this individuals and others who abuse opioid substances. The purpose of the present study was to compare these two groups in regard to their personality traits and disorders. Methods: In a cross-sectional study between 2007 to 2011, all patients refer...

We compared symptom patterns, severity of illness, and comorbidity in individuals with eating disorders with and without impulse control disorders (ICD), and documented the temporal pattern of illness onset. Lifetime ICD were present in 16.6% of 709 women with a history of eating disorders. The most common syndromes were compulsive buying disorder and kleptomania. ICD occurred more in individua...

Hepatic encephalopathy is a disorder in which the function of brain deteriorates because toxic substances accumulate blood, would normally be removed by liver. Substances absorbed into bloodstream from intestine pass through liver, where toxins are removed. In hepatic encephalopathy, poisons not removed, liver impaired. Additionally, connections made between portal system and general circulatio...

Subsequent time, after declaration of COVID-19 pandemic, witnessed variable changes in various aspects due to COVID circumstances around the globe. We report and reflect here over observation regarding substance use disorder scenario initial year 2020 reference 2019 (year preceding pandemic). It is an psychiatry in-patient service a teaching hospital eastern Nepal. There were 420 (284 male, 136...

Addiction is a feel good or euphoria like condition which commonly associated with drug abuse (opioid & non-opioid), alcohol and nicotine intake. There are many reasons behind man gets addicted to these substances such as recreation purpose, drugs used for long time treatment of any disorder addicted, unemployment, stress, emotions, professional pressure social status. It provides enjoyable...

BACKGROUND This study examines sex differences in substance use and substance use disorder in the acute psychiatric department, and possible interactions between sex and clinical and social factors associated with this phenomenon. METHODS Data concerning substance use were collected in a naturalistic cohort study (n = 384, 51.6% male, 48.4% female) in an acute psychiatric department. Recent i...

Doping is the use of drug for the purpose of improving performance in general and sports performance in particular. Rejection or acceptance of the use of banned substances by athletes is determined by internal factors that are subjective and external or social. Against this background, the present study examined social risk factors as determinants of intention (temptation) to use banned substan...

BACKGROUND With the Canadian government legalizing cannabis in the year 2018, the potential harms to certain populations-including those with opioid use disorder-must be investigated. Cannabis is one of the most commonly used substances by patients who are engaged in medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder, the effects of which are largely unknown. In this study, we examine the im...