The best evidence suggests that PTSD is often comorbid with other Axis I and Axis II disorders. National estimates hypothesize that over 85% of individuals with PTSD will meet diagnostic criteria for at least one additional disorder. Inpatient substance abuse centers report that up to 50% of their clients also meet criteria for PTSD. The comorbidity of PTSD and substance abuse (PTSD-SA) is unli...

Substance abuse is an important health, psychological and social problem in the world. Gabapentin is a new antiepileptic drug. It is used in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Moreover the effects of gabapentin on increasing the analgesic effect of morphine and its inhibitory effects on dopamine release due to morphine in animal models have been proved. In the present study, the effect of ...

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome is characterized by hyperactivity of the nervous system. This hyperactivity represents the brain's attempt to function normally despite the inhibitory effect of chronic alcohol consumption. The syndrome manifests when alcohol consumption ceases. Experimental, clinical, and genetic research have linked the development of withdrawal to alterations in the sensitivity of...

Many patients are admitted to intensive care unit for acute intoxication, serious complication of overdose or withdrawal symptoms of illicit drugs. Acute withdrawal of drug with addiction potential is associated with sympathetic over-activity leading to marked psychomimetic disturbances. Acute intoxication or withdrawal of such drugs are often associated with life threatening complication which...

Craving and nicotine withdrawal syndrome (NWS) are components of the tobacco use disorder in DSM-5. They both appear after smoking cessation or an abrupt reduction in tobacco use, and they are associated with both short and long-term smoking-cessation outcomes. The aim of the present study was to examine the association of craving and withdrawal with smoking cessation at the end of the treatmen...

INTRODUCTION The Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS) is an 11-item clinician-administered scale assessing opioid withdrawal. Though commonly used in clinical practice, it has not been systematically validated. The present study validated the COWS in comparison to the validated Clinical Institute Narcotic Assessment (CINA) scale. METHOD Opioid-dependent volunteers were enrolled in a reside...

OBJECTIVES We compared prevalence, severity, and specific symptom profiles for nicotine withdrawal across categories of mental illness. We also examined the influence of nicotine withdrawal on efforts to quit smoking among those with mental illness. METHODS We analyzed data from 2 sources: wave 1 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, limiting the sample to cu...

Population: 173 people (mean age 33 years, 55% male) were consecutively recruited within 72 hours of psychiatric hospitalisation for manic (75%) or mixed (25%) episode bipolar disorder (DSM-IV criteria). Exclusions: current substance withdrawal, delirium, previous psychiatric hospitalisation unless for detoxification only, documented IQ ,70, ill for .1 year, previous treatment with a mood stabi...

The present review describes ways in which ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) have been used in studies of substance abuse. Accordingly, studies are reviewed which demonstrate roles for affective processing in response to the presentation of drug-related cues, experimenter- and self-administered drug, drug withdrawal, and during tests of relapse/reinstatement. The review focuses on data collected ...