Large birds regularly use updrafts to subsidize flight. Although most research on soaring bird flight has focused on use of thermal updrafts, there is evidence suggesting that many species are likely to use multiple modes of subsidy. We tested the degree to which a large soaring species uses multiple modes of subsidy to provide insights into the decision-making that underlies flight behaviour. ...

Recent California legislation extends the application of prevailing wage regulations to subsidized low-income residential construction projects. Econometric evidence based on micro data covering 205 residential projects subsidized by the California Low Income Housing Tax Credit since 1996 and completed by mid-2002 demonstrates that construction costs increased substantially under prevailing wag...

Money for Nothing? Universal Child Care and Maternal Employment The strong correlation between child care and maternal employment rates has led previous research to conclude that affordable and readily available child care is a driving force both of cross-country differences in maternal employment and of its rapid growth over the last decades. We analyze the introduction of subsidized, universa...

Subsidies are a widespread practice to allow consumers to get their mobile handsets at deep discount, or even for free. Recently, with 3G and subsequent requirements on sophisticated and costly handsets, subsidies are being reconsidered both in subsidized and non-subsidized markets. In this paper, we analyse the requirements for subsidies with respect to economic efficiency. Using a simplified ...

The low-income housing tax credit (LIHTC) is the largest project-based housing subsidy in the United States. Within the program, private developers receive a subsidy in exchange for constructing apartment units that rent for a predetermined affordable rate. Because the subsidy requires apartment buildings to charge a lower rental rate, the opportunity cost of developing subsidized housing in a ...

This paper analyzes the income manipulation to cutoffs in eligibility for a subsidized program in the Massachusetts health insurance reform, the state-level precursor to federal health care reform. Using data from the American Community Survey, I test for the existence of income manipulation and find clear evidence around the cutoffs of 150 percent and 300 percent of Federal Poverty Level. The ...