BACKGROUND Antenatal intermittent preventive therapy with 2 doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) is the mainstay of efforts in sub-Saharan Africa to prevent pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM). Recent studies report that drug resistance may cause IPTp-SP to exacerbate PAM morbidity, raising fears that current policies will cause harm as resistance spreads. METHODS We conducted a serial...

GOALS We sought to determine if providers who have higher standards for optimal bowel preparation might be more fastidious in their examination of the colon and, therefore, have higher adenoma detection rates (ADRs). BACKGROUND ADRs are a reliable and objective marker of colonoscopy performance. Suboptimal bowel preparation impacts upon adenoma detection; however, physicians have varying stan...

The "suboptimal health" is a term used to describe a group of conditions that affect many people around the globe but cannot be diagnosed with any diseases of clinical standards. Due to the complexity in conditions and manifestations, there have been controversies about how to define and categorize the suboptimal health. In this paper, we thoroughly analyzed the currently available suboptimal h...

PURPOSE To assess the rate of achieving optimal metabolic control among subjects with type 2 diabetes, to elucidate the influence of suboptimal control on diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to analyze the risk factors associated with DR in the subjects with suboptimal control. MATERIAL AND METHODS A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in south India. The study population consiste...

The multiple sequence alignment problem is very applicable and important in various elds in molecular biology. Because the optimal alignment that maximizes the score is not always biologically most signi cant, providing many suboptimal alignments as alternatives for the optimal one is very useful. As for the alignment of two sequences, this suboptimal problem is well-studied 6;9;12 , but for th...

The multiple sequence alignment problem is very applicable and important in various fields in molecular biology. Because the optimal alignment that maximizes the score is not always biologically most significant, providing many suboptimal alignments as alternatives for the optimal one is very useful. As for the alignment of two sequences, this suboptimal problem is well-studied, but for the ali...

BACKGROUND Adherence to first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) may be an important indicator of adherence to second-line ART. Evaluating this relationship may be critical to identify patients at high risk for second-line failure, thereby exhausting their treatment options, and to intervene and improve patient outcomes. METHODS Adolescents and adults (n = 436) receiving second-line ART were a...

Suboptimal temperature stress often causes heavy yield losses of vegetables by suppressing plant growth during winter and early spring. Gibberellin acid (GA) has been reported to be involved in plant growth and acquisition of mineral nutrients. However, no studies have evaluated the role of GA in the regulation of growth and nutrient acquisition by vegetables under conditions of suboptimal temp...