Submaximal training can induce adaptational changes in the skeletal muscles, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, endocrine system, etc. Knowledge of the signs of adaptation and its magnitude, the factors causing it, as well as an awareness of the significance of the adaptation for the improvement of physical capacity to exercise is essential to develop an optimal training programme and w...

were measured in a separate series of experiments in a subgroup of four subjects (series II). Mean concentration of ethanol in the blood at the end of the experiment was 156 mg/ 100 ml in series I and 125 mg/ 100 ml in series II. Heart rates at rest and during submaximal exercise were higher after ingestion of ethanol, but there was no effect on stroke volume. After ingestion of ethanol cardiac...

Taylor JL, Gandevia SC. A comparison of central aspects of fatigue in submaximal and maximal voluntary contractions. J Appl Physiol 104: 542–550, 2008. First published November 21, 2007; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01053.2007.— Magnetic and electrical stimulation at different levels of the neuraxis show that supraspinal and spinal factors limit force production in maximal isometric efforts (“centr...

BACKGROUND Submaximal eccentric exertions occur occupationally when rapidly rising tool-generated forces exceed the operator's capacity to react against them. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of short duration repetitive submaximal eccentric forearm exertions at levels comparable to industrial power hand tool use on dynamic mechanical properties (stiffness, effective mas...

AIM To describe the heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability at rest, during a submaximal treadmill test and at rest posttreadmill in children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS Twenty children (6-11 years) with CP participated, who had Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I to III. The HR was monitored for 5 minutes seated, during a submaximal treadmill test, and after 5 minute...

Right ventricular function was assessed in 24 patients with COPD, at rest and during submaximal exercise, using both technetium-99m (99mTc) blood-pool and krypton-81m (81mKr) equilibrium ventriculography. Technetium-99m right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) at rest was lower than 81mKr RVEF (0.39 +/- 0.12 and 0.54 +/- 0.08, respectively; p < 0.001). During submaximal exercise, there was no...

Heart rate recovery (HRR) is an indicator of all-cause mortality in children and adults. We aimed to determine the effect of adiposity and Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS), a congenital form of obesity, on HRR. Sixteen children of normal weight (NW = body fat % ≤85th percentile, 9.4 ± 1.1 y), 18 children with obesity (OB = body fat % >95th percentile, 9.3 ± 1.1 y), and 11 PWS youth (regardless of bo...

Changes in the biomechanics of gait may alter the energy requirements of walking in Parkinson's Disease (PD). This study investigated economy of gait during submaximal treadmill walking in 79 subjects with mild to moderate PD and the relationship between gait economy and 6-minute walk distance (6 MW). Oxygen consumption (VO(2)) at the self-selected treadmill walking speed averaged 64% of peak o...

BACKGROUND The insertion/deletion ACE polymorphism (ACE I/D) regulates different levels of circulating and tissue ACE activities, which may induce diverse adrenergic responses to physiological stimuli. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the ACE I/D polymorphism on the adrenergic response to isotonic exercise in middle-aged hypertensive patients. MATERIAL/METHODS Submaximal...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a rating of perceived exertion scale (RPE) obtained during submaximal exercise could be used to predict peak exercise capacity (METpeak) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Angiographically documented CAD patients (n = 124, 87% on β blockade) completed a symptom-limited peak exercise test on a bicycle ergometer, reporting RPE values at e...