The repair of endogenously induced DNA damage is essential to maintain genomic integrity. It has been shown that XRCC1 and PARP1 are involved in the repair of base lesions and SSBs, although the exact mode of action has yet to be determined. Here we show that XRCC1 is involved in the repair of base lesions and SSBs independent of the cell cycle. However, the rate of repair of damage requiring X...

P AMAGED CELLS or “smudge cells” are a common feature of bone marrow smears, although in clinical reports only rarely is any attention payed to them. In smears of normal marrow at least 10-15 per cent of all cells are unidentifiable because of damage. This represents the greatest source of error in all quantitative estimations of cell populations which are based on counts in fixed smears. The n...

The current state of the art in cancer treatment by radiation optimizes beam intensity spatially such that tumors receive high dose radiation whereas damage to nearby healthy tissues is minimized. It is common practice to deliver the radiation over several weeks, where the daily dose is a small constant fraction of the total planned. Such a 'fractionation schedule' is based on traditional model...

PAR [poly(ADP-ribose)] is a structural and regulatory component of multiprotein complexes in eukaryotic cells. PAR catabolism is accelerated under genotoxic stress conditions and this is largely attributable to the activity of a PARG (PAR glycohydrolase). To overcome the early embryonic lethality of parg-knockout mice and gain more insights into the biological functions of PARG, we used an RNA ...

Checkpoints, which are integral to the cellular response to DNA damage, coordinate transient cell cycle arrest and the induced expression of DNA repair genes after genotoxic stress. DNA repair ensures cellular survival and genomic stability, utilizing a multipathway network. Here we report evidence that the two systems, DNA damage checkpoint control and DNA repair, are directly connected by dem...

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive understanding the nonthermal plasma (NTP)-induced inactivated behaviors on multiple antibiotic–resistant (MAR) Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Materials and Methods A dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) NTP system employed for inactivation MAR S. under various applied powers 35, 45, 55 W, gas distances 4, 6, 8 mm. kineti...

ix Chapter I: Introduction DNA DAMAGE RESPONSE 1 DNA DAMAGE REPAIR DNA modifications 3 Repair of double stranded DNA breaks 7 DNA DAMAGE RESPONSE PATHWAYS AND CANCER The link between the FA/BRCA pathway and cancer 8 The FA/BRCA pathway DNA damage response 11 FA/BRCA proteins and DNA damage repair 14 FA/BRCA proteins and cell cycle checkpoint 17 The link between the Mismatch repair pathway and c...

DNA damage is a relatively common event in the life of a cell and may lead to mutation, cancer, and cellular or organismic death. Damage to DNA induces several cellular responses that enable the cell either to eliminate or cope with the damage or to activate a programmed cell death process, presumably to eliminate cells with potentially catastrophic mutations. These DNA damage response reaction...

results of damage prediction in buildings can be used as a useful tool for managing and decreasing seismic risk of earthquakes. in this study, damage spectrum and c4.5 decision tree algorithm were utilized for damage prediction in steel buildings during earthquakes. in order to prepare the damage spectrum, steel buildings were modeled as a single-degree-of-freedom (sdof) system and time-history...

Most antitumour therapies damage tumour cell DNA either directly or indirectly. Without repair, damage can result in genetic instability and eventually cancer. The strong association between the lack of DNA damage repair, mutations and cancer is dramatically demonstrated by a number of cancer-prone human syndromes, such as xeroderma pigmentosum, ataxia-telangiectasia and Fanconi anemia. Notably...