Abstract This essay explores the secular imaginary of contemporary elegy, with a focus on writers in U.S. Comparing recent poems by Natasha Trethewey, Danez Smith, Sam Sax, primarily, I examine variations figure apostrophe addressed to dead as imaginative critiques hope. These poets use precarious forms explore conceptual impasse posthumous personhood social world. Their writing disperses this ...

In addition to its use in plain future assertions, gaa is also used to make epistemic modal claims that lack future orientation. (2a) is an epistemic modal claim with present temporal orientation. The indicative non-modal counterpart of (2a) is (2b). In (2a) the auxiliary bears subjunctive mood morphology and the particle gaa, whereas in (2b) the present indicative auxiliary hai is used. The fe...

In this paper I take a look at a classic problem in Spanish morphosyntax, namely the alternation between the forms -se and -ra in the Imperfect Subjunctive (Imperfecto de Subjuntivo). Research on this topic hasmainly focused on sociolinguistic variation, and has been done almost exclusively with impressionistic data and speaker’s intuitions. I address the problem from a usage-based perspective,...

this paper investigates different kinds of control predicates in persian subjunctive complements. first, it is shown that the obligatory control (oc) constructions syntactically consist of two subtypes exhaustive control (ec) and non-exhaustive control (nec). then building upon jackendoff and culicover (2003) and culicover and jackendoff’s (2005) semantic analysis of control which is devoted to...

except for personal clitics in past transitive forms, sorani kurdish has threeverbal prefixes; n?- for negation, be- for subjunctive, and (d)?- for imperfective. thisarticle starts with bringing forth the question of why subjunctive marker in this languagecannot appear with verbal negative or aspect prefixes while there is no problem with the co-occurence of negative and aspect prefixes.after p...

mood is, in general, a meaning concept that indicates the speaker’s point of view about a proposition. there are different modal elements in each language to embody a mood; in other words, different languages have variety of methods to express modal concepts. using verbal moods is one of these methods. verbal mood represents the morphology of a verb and can hence be considered as a grammatical ...