A fitness landscape presents the relationship between individual and its reproductive success in evolutionary computation (EC). However, discrete and approximate landscape in an original search space may not support enough and accurate information for EC search, especially in interactive EC (IEC). The fitness landscape of human subjective evaluation in IEC is very difficult and impossible to mo...

Optimization of landscape mosaics is a theme that involves both compositional and configuration features. This paper just deals with the first problem: may we say what are the optimal proportions of different habitats in a mosaic under specified criteria? Environmental economists claim that landscape changes reflect monetary values and utility maximization or, in more general terms, maximizatio...

The study gives an analysis of selected letters Alojzy Feliński and the diaries Ewa Felińska Józef Kraszewski, which serve to show elements landscape Volhynia Polesie. aim research is describe characterize Polesie in literary cultural-axiological aspects. conclusion that three authors looked at rather conventionally, according their own assessment subjective selection material, view was still d...

The purpose of this study is to propose a landscape development method for Japanese gardens. To that end, I investigated the Manpuku-ji Garden, which famous being created by Sesshu. A subjective evaluation experiment was conducted with 53 subjects and 99 garden photographs, 12 were identified in corridor Temple, on Nure-en, 1 preferred viewpoint room, 6 gazing areas.

Background: The road to respond to the needs of today's modern world, affected by the advancement of technological tools, seeks to increase speed and increasing safety. This study seeks to improve the landscape quality of roads, explains the effective criteria in road design and the need to pay attention to the category of design ethics and emphasizes them. Conclusion: In order to increase the...

the notion of sustainable development has rapidly gained considerable attention since the lastdecades of the twentieth century. it has become a locus for global paradigm shift on environment and development issues particularly after rio conference in 1992. the comparative analysis of agenda 21 and major un documents, mdg, and rio+20 as well as some major sources are made to provide a context fo...

Adverse changes in rangeland vegetation can be considered as one of the criteria for land degradation. Some of these changes can be evaluated through monitoring the spatial changes of landscape parameters. This study aimed to investigate the landscape changes in Kezab rangelands of Yazd province, central Iran. Landsat satellite images of 1990, 2002, and 2013, and landscape metrics including Tot...