Introduction: Diarrhea is still a considerable health problem today, especially in developing countries, including Indonesia. One common etiology of diarrhea Vibrio cholerae, which causes many problems, such as inappropriate use antibiotics antibiotic resistance. The golden sea cucumber (Stichopus hermanii) has antibacterial potential against cholera. This study aims to determine the effect and...

Augmentation of venous drainage with either kinetic-assisted drainage (KAVD) or vacuum-assisted (VAVD) has been used clinically in order to overcome added venous resistance due to smaller venous cannulae or tubing. This in-vitro study evaluates the extent of hemolysis and sub-lethal red blood cell membrane damage than occurs with augmented (kinetic or vacuum) when compared to conventional gravi...

The toxicity of fluoride (F) to 16-cm long fresh water male catfish (Clarias batrachus, Linn.) was evaluated after their exposure to two sub-lethal concentrations of NaF (35 mg F ion/L and 70 mg F ion/L) for 90 days. Changes in biochemical parameters in muscle, liver, and testis tissues were recorded. Significant depletion of total protein and lipids in these tissues occurred at both the lower ...

the effect of the fungus, metarhizium anisopliae, sub-lethal dose of imidacloprid, the aphid, myzus persicae and the three canola cultivars under microcosm conditions inside plastic cages in greenhouse (27 ± 3°c, rh 90 ± 5 %) indicated that field and semi-field concentrations of the fungus significantly reduced the population of green peach aphid (gpa) as well as in combination with lc10 of imi...

The use of sub-lethal radiation has been shown to alter cell phenotype and gene expression. T regulatory (Treg) cells are phenotypically defined as being CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+ T cells and are known to suppress the function of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Inhibiting the suppressive function of Treg cells allows for activation and proliferation of CD8+ CTLs. We examined the effects of sub-leth...

Adult brown trout (300­600 g) were acclimated for 2 weeks to an artificial soft water (Ca2+, 50 µmol l-1) and maintained at either 5 °C (October to March) or 15 °C (May to August). Following insertion of a cannula into the dorsal aorta under MS-222 anaesthesia and a recovery period of 2 days, the fish were exposed to a 4 day episode of sub-lethal copper levels at pH 5 or kept ...

Effect of sub-lethal concentration of chromium was studied on the protein metabolism in adductor muscle, gill and mantle tissues of fresh water mussel, Lamellidens marginalis. Total proteins and RNA showed a decrease while free amino acids and protease activity showed an increase. Alanine and Aspartate aminotransferase activities showed an increase, while GDH activity showed a decrease. It may ...

Healthy specimens of Colisa fasciatus exposed to sub lethal concentration of hexavalent chromium (4.8 mg/L) for 15 days revealed no significant alterations in any testicular architecture during its different phases. However, 30 days exposure revealed distarded shape of lobule and lobular wall, scattered interstitial leydig cells during preparatory phase of testicular cycle where as during spawn...

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of heavy metal agents on haematological parameter. The Indian major carp Catla catla was exposed to sub lethal concentration of cadmium for various exposure periods7, 14, 21, 28, day haematological parameter on RBC, WBC, and Hg, were measured both in control and experimental fish. During various exposure period’s day. The 7, 14, 21, 28 of RBC, WBC,...

The present study was aimed to investigate the impact of Chromium trioxide on biochemical parameters of freshwater fish, Channa punctatus exposed to sub lethal concentration for 7, 15, 30 and 60 days. Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT), Orthophosphoric Monoester Phospho-hydrolase (OMP) and Orthophosphoric acid Monoester Phospho-hydrolase (OAMP) activities have been analyse...