To exploit the polymorphism of repeat numbers in short tandem repeat (STR) sequences (microsatellites) as molecular markers, STRs must be isolated and PCR primers must be developed in flanking sequences. In species with large genomes such as Allium cepa L. (onion and shallot), an efficient selection procedure for genomic fragments containing STRs is a crucial step. Here we describe a nonradioac...

This article reviews new genetic markers on the Y-chromosome and methods for analyzing these short tandem repeat (STR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci. Relative chromosomal locations for over 50 Y-chromosome STRs (Y-STRs) are described along with their repeat motif and allele range characteristics based on published population studies. Multiplex assays for typing many of these mar...

Background: Human identification requires the maintenance of population databases of short tandem repeat (STR) loci that allow for their correct interpretation during paternity testing and forensic cases. Material and Methods: We analyzed 15 STR loci with the AmpFlSTR® Identifiler kit in a Mestizo (admixed) population sample from the state of Guerrero (South Mexico). Results: We estimated the a...

DNA sequence variation is known to exist in and around the repeat region of short tandem repeat (STR) loci used in human identity testing. While the vast majority of STR alleles measured in forensic DNA laboratories worldwide type as "normal" alleles compared with STR kit allelic ladders, a number of variant alleles have been reported. In addition, a sequence difference at a polymerase chain re...

A multiplex PCR assay capable of amplifying 20 Y-chromosome short tandem repeat (STR) markers simultaneously has been developed. These markers include all of the Y STRs that make up the ‘‘extended haplotype’’ used in Europe (DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, and YCAII) plus additional polymorphic Y STRs (DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS447, DYS448, DYS388, DYS426, GATA A7.1,...

When populations or species have recently separated they often share genetic variation. However, it can be difficult to determine whether shared polymorphisms are the result of gene flow, the result of the persistence of variation in both populations since the time of common ancestry, or both of these factors. We have developed an empirical protocol for using loci that include unique nuclear DN...

Combining genotypes across datasets is central in facilitating advances in genetics. Data aggregation efforts often face the challenge of record matching-the identification of dataset entries that represent the same individual. We show that records can be matched across genotype datasets that have no shared markers based on linkage disequilibrium between loci appearing in different datasets. Us...

A complete single-tree remote sensing (STRS) system is presented and a restricted test of performance is given. The system can be used for solving the tasks of STRS: tree positioning, height estimation species recognition, crown width estimation and estimation of the stem dimensions. The system is based on a semi-automatic approach and where automatic solutions fail, operator input is used. Kno...