26 Retinal endothelial cells are believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of 27 diabetic retinopathy. In previous studies, we and others demonstrated that glucose 28 transporter 1 (GLUT1) is downregulated in response to hyperglycemia. Increased 29 oxidative stress is likely to be the event whereby hyperglycemia is transduced into 30 endothelial cell damage. However, the effects of...

A 49-year male patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic foot syndrome was evaluated by comprehensive diabetic foot assessment. Photobiomodulation therapy (low-level laser therapy) was prescribed for neuropathic pain and symptoms with scanning and probe method for 10 sessions. Customized insoles were recommended for redistributing the plantar pressures and reducing stress on the diabe...

Oxidative stress is associated with the onset and pathogenesis of several prominent central nervous system disorders. Consequently, there is a pressing need for experimental methods for studying neuronal responses to oxidative stress. A number of techniques for modeling oxidative stress have been developed, including the use of inhibitors of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, depletion of end...

Ultrasonic wave propagation in prestressed materials has been studied extensively in the last 40 years. Most of this work was concentrated on the effect of stress on the velocities of different types of ultrasonic waves in homogeneaus materials. Actually stresses affect not only wave velocities but also the boundary conditions at the interface. Many practical applications of ultrasonic stress c...