IM-2 is a butyrolactone autoregulator that controls production of blue pigment and nucleoside antibiotics in Streptomyces sp. strain FRI-5. An IM-2-specific receptor gene, farA, was cloned from strain FRI-5, and nucleotide sequencing revealed that the farA gene consists of 666 bp encoding a 221-amino-acid protein of 24.3 kDa with an NH2-terminal amino acid sequence identical to that of purified...

The operation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and fixation of CO2 in Streptomyces griseus has recently been demonstrated in a series of tracer studies, Gilmour et al. (1955); Butterworth et al. (1955). As to the nature of the pathways of glucose catabolism in this organism, the operation of the Embden-Meyerhof glycolytic scheme and the direct oxidative pathway were indicated by inhibition studi...

The Gram-positive bacterial genus Streptomyces has two characteristic features; one is its productivity of a wide variety of secondary metabolites such as antibiotics or other biologically active compounds, and the other is its ability to perform cellular-differentiation from substrate hyphae into aerial mycelium and spores1'2). These phenotypic features of Streptomyces are knownto be induced b...

The presence of the vbrA gene encoding the transcriptional antiterminator NusG equivalent protein of Streptomyces virginiae was tested for in 73 Streptomyces species by Southern hybridization. Fifty-five strains (75%) including S. griseus, S. lividans TK-21 and S. coelicolor A3(2) showed clear hybridization signals, indicating wide distribution of vbrA or vbrA homologs in Streptomyces species. ...

Streptomyces griseus and bacteriophage B were used for an assay system detecting anti-bacteriophage antibiotics. Streptomyces sp. RK-1441 was found to produce antibacteriophage antibiotics, RK-1441A and B, which are pyrrolo[1,4]benzodiazepine group antibiotics related to neothramycin. Both RK-1441A and B had antibacteriophage activity. The former showed antimicrobial activity on a hypersensitiv...

UV irradiation of Streptomyces griseus 2247 yielded a new chromosomal deletion mutant, MM9. Restriction and sequencing analysis revealed that homologous recombination between two similar lipoprotein-like open reading frames, which are located 450 and 250 kb from the left and right ends, respectively, caused chromosomal arm replacement. As a result, new 450-kb terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) we...

Cloning and sequencing of the telomere of Streptomyces griseus revealed five palindromic sequences in the terminal 116 nucleotides, all of which can make a hairpin loop structure. However, the end sequence cannot form the foldback secondary structure that is common in Streptomyces telomeres and is suggested to be necessary for terminal replication. Both inside ends of the terminal inverted repe...

Amycolatopsis methanolica contains a 13.29-kb plasmid (pMEA300) present both in the free state and integrated at a unique genomic location. A pMEA300-free derivative (strain WV1) was selected, allowing further analysis of pMEA300-encoded functions. Whole cells of strain WV1 could be transformed at high frequencies (approximately 10(6) transformants per microgram of plasmid DNA) with both circul...

Actinomycete isolates from indoor air and dust in water-damaged schools and children's day care centers were tested for toxicity by using boar spermatozoa as an indicator. Toxicity was detected in extracts of four strains which caused a loss of sperm motility, and the 50% effective concentrations (EC50) were 10 to 63 ng (dry weight) ml of extended boar semen-1. The four strains were identified ...