We find significant style differences between articles written by economists for their professional journals and articles by the same economists in the Wall Street Journal. We find no evidence that style influences the professional success of economists, which suggests that the private rewards to improving the quality of writing are low. Indeed, each community of scholars has probably adopted a...

PROPOSE A qualitative approach using semi-structured individual interviews was used to elicit common outdoor difficulties in individuals with visual impairment. METHODS Interviews were recorded and then transcribed verbatim into text for thematic analysis. Twenty legally-blind individuals aged 34.25 ± 2.41 years with different etiologies were included in this study. RESULTS All participants...

century ago, making a sad havoc in that flourishing town. Within our recollection, it next appeared in the districts of Burdwan, Hooghly, Nuddea and the 24-Pergunnahs in the latter end of the fifties, devastating most of their prospering towns and villages, many of which were once renowned as sanitariums in Bengal. Later on it spread to Rungpore, Rajshahi, Dinajpur, and other districts. Various...

The spread of mobile devices into the streets combined with the growing interest in interactive technologies in public settings raise a host of new challenge for human computer interaction. This study investigates the use of public displays in promoting the sense of community through the public self-expression. The approach involves a temporary interactive art installation that promotes people’...

Many urban communities in the United States faced deteriorating physical infrastructure and social environment in the second half of the 20 century. To restore such inner city neighborhoods, many neighborhoods have adopted historic preservation as a means to both aesthetically and fiscally improve the condition. This paper studies a historic district in the Tree Streets neighborhood, Johnson Ci...

BACKGROUND Further development of high quality measures of neighborhood perceptions will require extensions and refinements to our existing approaches to reliability assessment. This study examined the test-retest reliability of perceptions of the neighborhood environment by socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS Test and retest surveys were conducted using a mail survey method with persons aged...

In recent years many transformations have occurred in Iranian society and women and girls still have a lot of worries about comes to urban public spaces. Also, due to some ambiguities in defining the domain of public space in traditional Islamic cities and gaps in the knowledge related to the Kurdish cities, the main problem of this paper is how we can define a participatory approach to improve...