In many areas of science unbounded (potentially infinite) data streams need to be processed in a continuous manner, e.g., to compute running aggregates or sliding window aggregates. One important example is the computation of Growing Degree Days (GDD) from a stream of temperature data, which provides a heuristic tool to predict plant development and the maturity of crops. The process of data ac...

Stream metabolism is used to characterize the allochthonous and autochthonous basis of stream foodweb production. The metabolic rates of respiration and gross primary production often are estimated from changes in dissolved O2 concentration in the stream over time. An upstream–downstream O2 accounting method (2-station) is used commonly to estimate metabolic rates in a defined length of stream ...

Nutrient uptake length is an important parameter for quantifying nutrient cycling in streams. Although nutrient tracer additions are the preferred method for measuring uptake length under ambient nutrient concentrations, short-term nutrient addition experiments have more frequently been used to estimate uptake length in streams. Theoretical analysis of the relationship between uptake length det...

This is a study of some of the elementary statistical properties of the bitwise exclusive or of two maximum period feedback with carry shift register sequences. We obtain condition under which the resulting sequences has the maximum possible period, and we obtain bounds on the variation in the distribution of blocks of a fixed length. This may lead to improved design of stream ciphers using FCS...

This paper presents an operational reconstruction technique of most stream ciphers. We primarily expose it for key-stream generators which consist of several linear feedback shift registers combined by a nonlinear Boolean function. It is shown how to completely recover the different feedback polynomials and the combining function, when the algorithm is totally unknown. This attack only requires...

In 2013, a before-and-after intervention study was conducted to evaluate the effect 24-hour intensivist coverage on length of stay and rates of catheter-associated urinary tract infection, central-line associated blood stream infection, and ventilator-associated events. Intensivist coverage for 24 hours did not decrease length of stay or result in a decrease in any specific infection rate.

Simplicity is analyzed topologically. Ockham’s razor is shown, under very general conditions, to be the unique, convergent strategy that jointly minimizes errors, retractions, and retraction times prior to convergence to the true theory. 1 Empirical Questions and Solutions 1.1 Input Streams Let I be a set of potential inputs. An input stream is an element of Iω. If w is an input stream let w|i ...

This paper reports an an investigation into the use of Time-Encoded Speech (TES) [1] for the economical storage of digital voice messages in the tactical military arena. Initial results indicate that bit rate· reductions of between 20°/o and 55°/o may be available using simple coding schemes. INTRODUCTION The need for an economical digital description of the human speech waveform for applicatio...

Stream water was locally recharged into shallow groundwater flow paths that returned to the stream (hyporheic exchange) in St. Kevin Gulch, a Rocky Mountain stream in Colorado contaminated by acid mine drainage. Two approaches were used to characterize hyporheic exchange: sub-reach-scale measurement of hydraulic heads and hydraulic conductivity to compute streambed fluxes (hydrometric approach)...