This article analyses the recent use of European Union (EU) terminology digital sovereignty and strategic autonomy, aiming to identify tensions between policy considerations fundamental rights, free market principles geopolitical concerns. These are rooted in disparity EU's considerable economic regulatory power matters its limited mandate capabilities foreign policy. The also explores translat...

Since Ross’s observation that the instruction Post this letter does not entail Post this letter or burn it, imperatives have constituted a challenge for the logician. Building on ideas from inquisitive semantics, we propose an account in which imperatives are regarded as partial specifications of a set of options. We show that this account avoids Ross’s paradox and gives rise to a sensible noti...

to win a war, it is necessary to liberate a certain strategic areas of the enemy or to destruct their forces completely. halting the iraqi army prevented them from achieving their goals, however, it didn't mean as a military defeat for them, especially that iraq had an important part of the iranian areas and border towns in his occupation and was able to put iran under pressure to gain a c...

Javanese is a member of the Western Austronesian language, sub-family language family. Languages in this are known linguistic literature as having an exceptional feature their voice system among world’s languages and continue to be exciting issues theory syntax. This paper investigates focuses on locative imperative clauses’ system. Data collected from spoken Yogyakarta at ngoko level. study de...

The main goal of this paper is to develop a unified semantic analysis of CIs, one which adequately captures their similarities to (unconditional) imperatives on the one hand and (unimperative) conditionals, on the other. Both of those latter phenomena have been explored extensively and, differences over theoretical framework and formal implementation notwithstanding, are comparatively well-unde...

We use imperatives to refute a näıve analysis of update potentials (force-operators attaching to sentences), arguing for a dynamic analysis of imperative force as restrictable, directed, and embeddable. We propose a dynamic, non-modal analysis of conditional imperatives, as a counterpoint to static, modal analyses (e.g., Schwager [16]). Our analysis retains Kratzer’s [8] analysis of if-clauses ...

Review of late Holocene paleoenvironmental and cultural sequences from four regions of western North America shows striking correlations between drought and changes in subsistence, population, exchange, health, and interpersonal violence during the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (a.d. 800–1350). While ultimate causality is difficult to identify in the archaeological record, synchrony of the environm...