After massive earthquakes and other large-scale disasters, existing communication infrastructure may become unavailable and, therefore, it can be quite difficult for relief organizations to fully grasp the impact of the disaster on the affected region. Consequently, this will be the cause of delays to offer the strategic assistance, and to provide water and food, etc. In order to solve the prob...

The cost absorbs all the expenses of production for a company at a certain level of the activity. For eliminating the influence of the fixed costs’s absorbtion and for a better supervision of other causes of digressions, the managers can apply the method of rational imputation of the fixed costs. The managers should, in some cases, take into consideration the total costs and not the unit costs....

We have recently been witnessing the growing establishment of map-centered web-based geo-portals on national, regional and local levels. However, a particular issue with these geo-portals is that each instance has been implemented in different ways in terms of design, usability, functionality, interaction possibilities, map size and symbologies. In this paper, we try to tackle these shortcoming...

Recently ontology research has received much attention in geo-information science and the concept of ontology is very important for spatial information concept modeling and data sharing, classification of geographical classes. More importantly, it enriches the semantic theory of spatial information. Geo-information services and geo-information interpretation and extraction are the two main appl...

For a spanning tree T in a nontrivial connected graph G and for vertices u and v inG, there exists a unique u−v path u = u0, u1, u2, . . ., uk = v in T . A u− v T -path in G is a u− v path u = v0, v1, . . . , vl = v in G that is a subsequence of the sequence u = u0, u1, u2, . . . , uk = v. A u− v T -path of minimum length is a u− v T -geodesic in G. The T distance dG|T (u, v) from u to v in G i...

Energy is one of the most basic of human needs. The accomplishments of civilization have largely been achieved through the increasingly efficient and extensive harnessing of various forms of energy to extend human capabilities and ingenuity. Providing adequate and affordable energy is essential for eradicating poverty, improving human welfare, and raising living standards worldwide. The Persian...

For some emergency situations an effective response can be reliant on sensor data (e.g. river level, traffic flow, weather conditions) to provide situation awareness, in order to help authorities make informed decisions. Gathering data in a traditional approach, i.e. using precise physical sensors, is a highly expensive task, involving procurement, installation and maintenance of a number of se...

Zusammenfassung Warping ist eine Klasse von Bildverarbeitungsverfahren, die durch Neude nition raumlicher Beziehungen einzelner Bildpunkte zwei Bilder nicht-a n geometrisch transformieren. In dieser Arbeit de nieren homologe St utzpunkte jeweils Verschiebungsvektoren. Die Verschiebung jedes Voxel wird durch die gewichtete Summe aller dieser Verschiebungsvektoren berechnet. Das jeweilige Gewic...

The International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) is facing the challenge of keeping its teaching programmes up-to-date, competitive and customer-oriented. ITC has stated in its ‘Strategic Plan 2001-2004’ that it intends to decentralise the educational programmes or parts thereof to certified partners in lesser developed countries. Part of this strategy entails...