The focal objective of this study is to analyze and explore the Co-movement of Pakistan stock market (KSE-100) with the stock market of developed countries (US, UK, Canada, Australia, Germany, Japan, France and Neither land) which have portfolio investment in Pakistan by applying co-integration approach using Johansen and Juselius multivariate and bi variate co-integration. Secondary data of st...

Delaying product differentiation is a hybrid strategy that strives to reconcile the dual needs of high variety and quick response time. A common product platform is built to stock in the first stage of production (called the Make-To-Stock (MTS) stage) which is then differentiated into different products after demand is known in the second stage (known as the Make-To-Order (MTO) stage). In this ...

We consider a single-item make-to-stock production system. The item is demanded by several classes of customers arriving according to Poisson processes with different backorder costs. Item processing times have an Erlang distribution. This allows us model the information on the production status in a tractable way and to investigate the impact of processing time variability. Using a Markov Deci...

The cutting stock problem is an important problem in the field of combinational optimization. In classic versions of this problem, the aim is to find a solution for cutting some equalwidth mother rolls into smaller parts with given width so that the amount of trim-loss become as small as possible. There are plenty of works which addressed the classic cutting stock problem. However in real world...

We study ex ante information sharing in a supply chain consisting of a downstream retailer and a maketo-stock upstream manufacturer. The retailer has imperfect demand information and may choose to share it with the manufacturer. Based on the information sharing arrangement, the manufacturer makes the wholesale price and the stocking level decisions. Then the retailer decides the order quantity ...

Consider a mass customizer who produces multiple variants of a product in make-to-order fashion, and who also produces some standard variants as make-to-stock. We evaluate pricing and production issues from a joint marketing and operations perspective. Marketing determines prices while operations chooses between three production strategies as it sets capacity. A key result is that under the log...

A supply chain can be defined as an integrated business process wherein a number of various business entities (i.e., suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers) work together. Supply chain configuration is concerned with determining supply, production and stock levels in raw materials, subassemblies at different levels of the given bills of material (BOM). End products and informatio...

Recently, the recession of the global economy drives the coming of a new era of low interest rates, which resulted in the stock market as an alternative investment channel for investors. The diversity and complication of domain knowledge existing in the stock market make it very difficult for investors to make an effective investment decision. In the literature, it has been shown that intellige...

shareholders of joint stock companies have several rights. the most typical categorization of shareholders' right is financial and non-financial right. every one's intention of investing in commercial companies is to make profit; hence, the most important right of shareholders is to enjoy the dividend of the company. this right is a financial one. furthermore, after dissolution of the...