We present JANUS, a speech-to-speech translation system that utilizes diverse processing strategies, including connectionist learning, traditional AI knowledge representation approaches, dynamic programming, and stochastic techniques. JANUS translates continuously spoken English and German into German, English, and Japanese. JANUS currently achieves 87% translation fidelity from English speech ...

An important aspect of evacuation planning is to save human population by sending the people in dangerous areas (sources) safe places (sinks). Optimization models for focus on regulating tra_c ow urban road networks so as maximize number evacuees reaching or minimize time evacuees. Recent studies show that reversing direction usual necessary segments increases and decreases signi_cantly. Howeve...

Betula platyphylla Suk (Asian white birch) is an economically important tree species in the paper-pulping and biofuel industries. To investigate mechanism of wood formation at metabolic level, we evaluated responses associated with tension-wood formation. Four-year-old trees were subjected to artificial bending treatment for 6 weeks. The xylem growth rate tension (TW) was significantly faster t...

Decision problems in water resources management are usually stochastic, dynamic and multidimensional. MDP models have been used since the early fties for the planning and operation of reservoir systems because the natural water in ows can be modeled using Markovian stochastic processes and the transition equations of mass conservation for the reservoir storages are akin to those found in invent...

Stochastic di erential games are considered in a non-Markovian setting. Typically, in stochastic di erential games the modulating process of the di usion equation describing the state ow is taken to be Markovian. Then Nash equilibria or other types of solution such as Pareto equilibria are constructed using Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equations. But in a non-Markovian setting the HJB method i...

In the title compound, C20H20Cl2N2O2·H2O, the piperidine ring adopts a chair conformation with the two substituent benzene rings inclined to one another [dihedral angle 84.63 (9)°]. In the crystal, the components are linked by Ow-H⋯O, N-H⋯Ow (w = water) and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating a sheet structure lying parallel to (101).

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, (C(12)H(12)N(2))(3)[V(10)O(28)]·2H(2)O, contains one half of a deca-vanadate anion, one and a half trans-1,2-bis-(4-pyridinio)ethene cations and one water mol-ecule. The V(10)O(28) groups are involved in a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network through Ow-H⋯O, N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O inter-actions.

A stochastic model is derived from wind stress and bottom pressure gauge data to examine the response of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) transport to wind stress forcing. A general method is used to estimate the drift and diffusion coefŽ cients of a continuous stationaryMarkovian system. As a Ž rst approximation, the response of the ACC to wind stress forcing can be describedby a multiv...