The purpose of the study was to investigate the modulatory effect of changes of subthalamic nucleus (STN) activity on the development of central fatigue during exhausting exercise, and reveal the possible mechanism that might affect STN activity from the perspective of neurotransmitters. Rats were randomly divided into electrophysiology and microdialysis study groups. For electrophysiological s...

The capacity to flexibly respond to contextual changes is crucial to adapting to a dynamic environment. Compulsivity, or behavioural inflexibility, consists of heterogeneous subtypes with overlapping yet discrete neural substrates. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) mediates the switch from automatic to controlled processing to slow, break or stop behaviour when necessary. Rodent STN lesions or inac...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is marked by excessive synchronous activity in the beta (8-35 Hz) band throughout the cortico-basal ganglia network. The optimal location of high frequency deep brain stimulation (HF DBS) within the subthalamic nucleus (STN) region and the location of maximal beta hypersynchrony are currently matters of debate. Additionally, the effect of STN HF DBS on neural synchrony ...

INTRODUCTION Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for Parkinson’s Disease alleviates the motor symptoms, but causes cognitive and emotional side effects in half of the cases [1]. We strive to locate the STN motor part more precisely by analyzing the connections of the STN with other brain areas. This study compares DTI and HARDI glyphs around the rat STN, which has a mo...

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) plays a crucial role in basal ganglia functions and has been shown to be hyperactive in parkinsonian syndromes. The zona incerta (ZI), located dorsally to the STN, is also reported to be overactive after nigrostriatal denervation. In this study, we examined the behavioral consequences of an increased activity of the STN or the ZI in awake, freely moving rats. Unila...

BACKGROUND Sleep disturbances are common in Parkinson's disease (PD). Bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) is superior to best medical therapy in the treatment of motor symptoms in advanced PD, and observational studies suggest that bilateral STN DBS improves sleep in these patients as well. Unilateral STN DBS also improves motor function in PD, but its effects on sl...

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a remarkably successful treatment for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. High-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) within the basal ganglia is a main clinical target, but the physiological mechanisms of therapeutic STN DBS at the cellular and network level are unclear. We set out to begin to address the hypothesis that a mixture of respo...

BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) is a very effective surgical procedure for Parkinson's disease. It significantly improves cardinal parkinsonian symptoms as well as levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Interestingly, STN-DBS can also provoke or exacerbate dyskinesia. In the present study, stimulation-induced dyskinesia (SID) was found in the early stage (less than ...

Let 1 ≤ n ∈ Z. Worst-case efficient dominating sets in digraphs are conceived so that their presence in certain strong digraphs ~ STn corresponds to that of efficient dominating sets in star graphs STn: The fact that the star graphs STn form a so-called dense segmental neighborly E-chain is reflected in a corresponding fact for the digraphs ~ STn. Related chains of graphs and open problems are ...

OBJECTIVES Current models of basal ganglia dysfunction in Parkinson's disease suggest a pivotal role of subthalamic nucleus (STN) hyperactivity. There is a direct excitatory output to the globus pallidus internus (GPi), which in turn hyperinhibits the motor thalamus and leads to a lack of cortical facilitation. The model, however, does not address the reciprocal influence of GPi on STN activity...