Various types of shear reinforcement are used for example general closed stirrup and bar with mechanical anchor. However, most standards specifications take only the cross-sectional area vertical components into account when determining their effect, such as on crack development strength. Consequently, full effect different shapes failure behavior reinforced concrete (RC) beams is not clear. In...

Coal gangue is the rock discharged from coal mining. Using as coarse aggregate one of solutions for sustainable development construction engineering. Five one-half scaled concrete (CGC) frame columns with different replacement ratios were designed, and effect on seismic behavior under cyclic loading was studied. The test results show that failure main reason reduction in hysteretic performance ...

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the mechanism shear strength reduction for reinforced concrete deep beams with varying stirrup ratios, due beam size increase. Three Dimensional Rigid-Body-Spring-Method was applied numerical tool. By using simulation results effective depth smaller than 1500 mm, dependence each resistance component such as arch, and truss actions were investigated, along...

This paper investigates experimentally the structural performance of substandard reinforced concrete (RC) short columns confined with steel-reinforced grout (SRG) jackets under monotonically increasing uniaxial compression. The study comprised 24 square cross section RC having alternative arrangements shear reinforcement (ratio stirrup spacing to longitudinal bar diameter ranging from 4.2 12.5)...

In this study, we aim to investigate the interaction between alkali-silica reaction (ASR) expansion and multi-directional reinforced steel bars, clarify weakening mechanism of bond performance under influence interaction. First, a series pullout specimens considering bar diameter stirrup number were prepared then different degrees accelerated ASR test quantify restraint effect bars. After test,...

Electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE) is one of the effective methods to remove and prolong service life reinforced concrete (RC) structures. To fully understand mechanisms long-term ingress subsequent ECE treatment RC structure, a multi-phase mesoscopic numerical model proposed. Unlike most existing models, effect binding are considered in proposed model, transport simulated through novel ...

Structural planning is a mixture of basics with science in structural analysis, statics, mechanics materials and dynamics to obtain structures that are safe economical their service life. The purpose this study was plan the dimensions building's portal structure can withstand loads safely. This research conducted Karang Asem 1, Kuningan, Setia Budi, South Jakarta. final result be concluded ther...

Introduction Odontoideum bone or the mobile odontoid process is one of the rarest malformations of the cervico-occipital hinge. It exposes to the atlo-axial instability and to the risk of bulbo-medullary compression threatening then the vital and functional prognosis. We report the case of a 16-year-old patient who was the victim of a raod accident resulting in acervical spine injury. Radiologi...

Coronary artery disease is a common occurrence in human, and causes enormous social cost. Poncirus fructus (PF), the dried immature fruits of Poncirus trifoliata Rafinesquem, is used in the treatment of womb contraction and dyspepsia, as a prokinetic, and in improving blood circulation. This study was performed to investigate the effects of PF and some of its flavonoids components on the corona...

In solution, the TATA box binding protein from S. cerevisiae (yTBP) is only minimally oriented when bound to the adenovirus major late promoter (AdMLP) and the yeast CYC1 promoter. At equilibrium, approximately 60% of the complexes are assembled in the orientation observed within crystal structures; 40% are assembled in the opposite orientation. Here we use stopped-flow fluorescence resonance e...