In this paper the design of a nonlinear feedback controller is analyzed for concentration control of continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR) which have strong nonlinearities. Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) is one of the common reactors in chemical process and all industrial process requires a solution of specific chemical strength of chemicals considered for analysis. Here Particle Swar...

This paper presents mathematical models of potentiometric as well as amperometric biosensors, based on an electrode covered with an enzyme membrane. The models involve three regions: the enzyme layer where enzyme reaction as well as mass transport by diffusion takes place, a diffusion limiting region where only the diffusion takes place, and a convective region, where the analyte concentration ...

BACKGROUND Moderate consumption of alcoholic drinks seems to reduce the risks of developing cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cataracts, perhaps through antioxidant actions of their alcohol, flavonoid, or polyphenol contents. "Shaken, not stirred" routinely identifies the way the famous secret agent James Bond requires his martinis. OBJECTIVES As Mr Bond is not afflicted by cataracts or car...

Optimization of submerged culture conditions for the production of mycelial growth and exopolysaccharides (EPSs) by Collybia maculata was investigated. The optimum temperature and the initial pH for EPS production in a shake-flask culture of C. maculata were found to be 20°C and 5.5, respectively. Among the various medium’s constituents examined, glucose, Martone A-1, K2HPO4, and CaCl2 were the...

Mixing is a widely practiced operation to effect distribution, intermingling and homogeneity of matter. Stirred tanks with different geometries (such as in main container tanks, impellers, baffles, etc.) are also widely used to mix different materials. The forces applied by impellers develop overall circulation or bulk flow. Superimposed on this flow pattern, there are turbulent eddies and also...

We examine the angular momentum transport properties of disks composed of macroscopic particles whose velocity dispersions are externally enhanced (“stirred”). Our simple Boltzmann equation model serves as an analogy for unmagnetized fluid disks in which turbulence may be driven by thermal convection. We show that interparticle collisions in particle disks play the same role as fluctuating pres...