this review provides an overview of the present knowledge on the aspects of preoperative fasting with the assessment of the evidence quality. a systematic research was conducted in electronic databases in order to identify trials published between 1990 and 2014 concerning preoperative fasting, early resumption of oral intake and the effects of oral carbohydrate mixtures on gastric emptying and ...

oncoplastic breast surgery (obs) has gained widespread acceptance during the last two decades as an integral component of breast cancer surgery. obs combines oncological principles of breast cancer surgery with plastic surgery techniques to provide the best cosmetic results without compromising oncological outcome of breast cancer treatment and it has opened up the possibility to perform breast...

objective in the majority of patients with intractable epilepsy, seizures can be well controlled with appropriate medication. however, current estimates indicate that some of patients with epilepsy are refractory to all forms of medical therapy. the surgical treatment of intractable epilepsy in children has  evolved with advances in technical innovations. these medically intractable patients ar...

background : tongue cancer is one of the most common cancers of the oral cavity, excluding lip, and the median age of the patients is approximately 60 years. methods : treatment results of a total of 110 patients with oral tongue cancer admitted to cancer institute of tehran university between1999-2003 were retrospectively analyzed. the patients were treated by surgery or radiotherapy or chemot...

extract  this article is about sports training that reduce pain after cesarean delivery. this method not only for women but also for other women and men who have abdominal surgery is beneficial. this method is based on relaxation , facilitate deep breathing and after surgery coughing. after that, some advices is given to patients for pain relief.   exercises to relax the muscles:   naturally af...

purpose: to describe the prophylactic patterns for endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in iran. methods: in this cross-sectional study, 486 ophthalmologists, members of iranian society of ophthalmology, who participated in the 20th annual meeting of ophthalmology in december 2010, tehran-iran, filled a self-administered questionnaire. a wide range of ophthalmologists, from all around the cou...

purpose: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of primary aphakic artisan–verysise intraocular lens (iol) implantation during complicated cataract surgery. methods: the study is a retrospective analysis of 49 eyes that underwent primary aphakic artisan iol implantation for complicated cataract surgery. compiled data included demographic information, visual outcomes and complications. pre- and pos...

background and aim: traumatic subdural hygroma is the accumulation of csf (cerebrospinal fluid) in subdural space following head trauma. the mass effect of hygroma on brain can impinge on consciousness. there are still many ambiguities on indications of hygroma surgery. this is an 11-year follow-up study which involves the patients suffering traumatic subdural hygroma who underwent surgery. met...

conclusions listening to the relaxant music can reduce postoperative pain. it is suggested that relaxant music be used as a complementary method in patients in order to reduce prospective pain. results before intervention, the mean of pain intensity was 6.32 ± 0.21 and 6.10 ± 0.21 for experimental and control groups, respectively; and the difference was not significant (p = 0.21). after interve...